Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is DBMS.

Key Points

• A Database is an organized collection of data so that it can be easily accessed and managed.
• DBMS stands for Database Management System.
• A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to store, retrieve, define, and manage data in a database.
• Database Management System removes redundancy and Integrity.
• Database Management System reduces Application Development Time.
• DBMS follows the concepts of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (normally shortened as ACID).
• DBMS supports a multi-user environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in parallel. 
• Types of DBMS Systems are:
  • Hierarchical Database
  • Network Database
  • Relational Database
  • Object-Oriented Database
• The three-schema architecture of DBMS:

• Some popular DBMS systems:
  • MySQL
  • Microsoft Access
  • Oracle
  • LibreOffice Base
  • Microsoft SQL Server

​Important Points 

• In 1960, Charles Bachman designed the first DBMS system.
• In 1970, Codd introduced IBM'S Information Management System (IMS)
• In 1976, Peter Chen coined and defined the Entity-relationship model also know as the ER model.
• In 1991, Microsoft ships MS Access, a personal DBMS and that displaces all other personal DBMS products.

​​​​ Additional Information 

• Operating System
  • ​An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware.
  • Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage.
  • The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701.
  • Operating System allows disk access and file systems Device drivers Networking Security.
  • Operating System Handling I/O operations.
  • Operating System has error detection and handling technic.
  • An Operating System is concerned with the allocation of resources and services, such as memory, processors, devices, and information. 
  • The Kernel is the central component of a computer operating system.
• ​Compiler
  • The compiler translates source code written in a high-level language into a set of machine-language.
  • Compilers are very large programs, with error-checking and other abilities.
  • The object code is machine code that the processor can perform one instruction at a time.
  • The first Autocode and compiler in the modern sense were developed by Alick Glennie in 1952.
  • John W. Backus at IBM introduced the first commercially available compiler, in 1957.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e ​Ctrl + Z.

• Ctrl + Z is the shortcut key to undo an action in MS Word.
• Ctrl+W is the shortcut key to close the current window.
• Ctrl+B is the shortcut key to Bold highlighted text.
• Ctrl + U is the shortcut key to underline a text.

The correct answer is Application software

Important Points

• MS Office, Photoshop, and Animagic are examples of Application software
• MS Office is a software bundle provided by Microsoft.
• It includes software like MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint, MS Outlook, MS Access, MS One Note, and others.

Additional Information

• Photoshop is a powerful photo editing tool by Adobe.
• An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware.
• An operating system is software that performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

The correct answer is VDU.

Key Points

• Visual Display Unit (VDU): 
  • Visual Display Unit is an Output Device that displays all work is done and images on its screen.
  • It is also called a Monitor. After processing the input, the result is shown on the Monitor.
  • The three most common specifications about the quality of monitors are Dot Pitch, Resolution, and Refresh Rate.
  • There are many types of monitor technologies are available like CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors, LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), etc.

Important Points

• Keyboard: The keyboard is one of the main Input Devices used in a computer. It is used to enter text and numeric data in a computer system. 
• Mouse: It is also called a Pointing Device which is used to point to the things on the monitor screen. It is an Input Device that was invented by Douglas Engelbert.
• Light Pen: A light pen is an Input Device, similar to a mouse. It is used to directly write and draw any figure on the computer screen.

Additional Information

Artificial Intelligence (AI):

• Intelligent digital personal assistants like Siri, Google Now, Cortana, Alexa are all powered by AI.
• The phrase artificial intelligence is coined at the "Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence."
• Led by John McCarthy, the conference, which defined the scope and goals of AI, is widely considered to be the birth of artificial intelligence as we know it today.
• Artificial Intelligence endeavors to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines, thus making them behave intelligently.
• An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision-making, and problem-solving.
• In order to make machines perform tasks with minimum human intervention, they are programmed to create a knowledge base and make decisions based on it.
• AI systems can also learn from past experiences or outcomes to make new decisions.
• Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
• Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
• Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence, wherein computers have the ability to learn from data using statistical techniques, without being explicitly programmed by a human being.
• Sophia is a humanoid that uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing, facial recognition and also imitates human gestures and facial expressions.

Hence, artificial intelligence endeavors to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines.

• Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer-generated situation that simulates the real world. The user can interact with and explore that environment by getting immersed in it while interacting with the objects and other actions of the user.
• The superimposition of computer-generated perceptual information over the existing physical surroundings is called Augmented Reality (AR). It adds components of the digital world to the physical world, along with the associated tactile and other sensory requirements, thereby making the environment interactive and digitally manipulable.
• A drone is an unmanned aircraft that can be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems, working in conjunction with onboard sensors and GPS