Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer Firewall.

Key Points

• A firewall's main purpose is to prohibit unauthorized access to your computer via the Internet.
• In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet.

Additional Information

• Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN.
• The first web page address was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html.
• ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.
• NCSA Mosaic ran on Windows computers was the first browser to surf the internet.

The correct answer is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Key Points

• A network protocol is a set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an internet protocol that helps to send email between servers on the internet.
• SMTP is used as a message transfer agent.
• SMTP is an application layer protocol.
• It is always working on listening mode.
• It provides a set of codes that simplify the communication of email messages between email servers.
• The message can move in steps from one computer to its destination using the “store and forward” feature
• The Post Office Protocol (POP) is an Internet Protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server.

Additional Information 

• The examples of important internet protocols are:
  • HTTPS.
  • File Transfer Protocol.
  • Address Resolution Protocol.
  • Wireless Application Protocol.
  • POP3.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication for the world wide web.
  • It is a stateless protocol.
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
• Real-Time Protocol (RTP) is a protocol designed to handle real-time traffic (like audio and video) of the Internet.

The correct answer is Bugs.

Key Points

• In computing, a bug is an error in the source code that makes a program to produce unexpected results or crash altogether.
• Computer bugs can affect an application’s performance, so developers need to make sure they are corrected before the software gets sold to customers.
• Back when mainframe computers were still state-of-the-art, some programmers kept getting wrong results from their programs.
• When they checked under the hood, they discovered that a moth got into the circuitry, causing errors in computations.
• That’s why programming errors are called “bugs.”

Artificial Intelligence (AI):

• Intelligent digital personal assistants like Siri, Google Now, Cortana, Alexa are all powered by AI.
• The phrase artificial intelligence is coined at the "Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence."
• Led by John McCarthy, the conference, which defined the scope and goals of AI, is widely considered to be the birth of artificial intelligence as we know it today.
• Artificial Intelligence endeavors to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines, thus making them behave intelligently.
• An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision-making, and problem-solving.
• In order to make machines perform tasks with minimum human intervention, they are programmed to create a knowledge base and make decisions based on it.
• AI systems can also learn from past experiences or outcomes to make new decisions.
• Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
• Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
• Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence, wherein computers have the ability to learn from data using statistical techniques, without being explicitly programmed by a human being.
• Sophia is a humanoid that uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing, facial recognition and also imitates human gestures and facial expressions.

Hence, artificial intelligence endeavors to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines.

• Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer-generated situation that simulates the real world. The user can interact with and explore that environment by getting immersed in it while interacting with the objects and other actions of the user.
• The superimposition of computer-generated perceptual information over the existing physical surroundings is called Augmented Reality (AR). It adds components of the digital world to the physical world, along with the associated tactile and other sensory requirements, thereby making the environment interactive and digitally manipulable.
• A drone is an unmanned aircraft that can be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems, working in conjunction with onboard sensors and GPS

The correct answer is F2.

Key Points

• F2 function key is used to edit the content of a cell in MS-Excel.
• To enter Edit mode, we can follow any of these steps:
  • Double-click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit.
  • Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then click anywhere in the formula bar.
  • Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then press F2.

Additional Information

Some important shortcuts used in MS Excel:

• Ctrl + N Create a new workbook.
• Ctrl + O Open an existing workbook.
• Ctrl + S Save the active workbook.
• F12 Save the active workbook under a new name, displays the Save as dialog box.
• Ctrl + W Close the active workbook.
• Ctrl + C Copy the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
• Ctrl + X Cut the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
• Ctrl + V Insert the contents of the Clipboard into the selected cell(s).