Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• The Constitution itself declares that the Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental to the governance of the country.
• These are the constitutional instructions or recommendations to the State in legislative, executive, and administrative matters.
• Hence option 3 is correct.

​​Additional Information

• Socialistic Principles:
  • to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by social, economic, and political justice and to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities. (Art 38)
  • to secure (a) the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens; (b) the equitable distribution of material resources of the community for common good; (c) prevention of concentration of wealth and means of production; (d) equal pay for equal work for men and women; (e) preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse; and (f) opportunities for the healthy development of children. (Art 39)
  • to promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor. (Art 39A)
  • to secure the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement. (Art 41)
  • to make provision for just and humane conditions for work and maternity relief. (Art 42)
  • to secure a living wage, a decent standard of living and social and cultural opportunities for all workers. (Art 43)
  • to take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries. (Art 43A)
  • to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health. (Art 47)
• The Gandhian Principles:
  • Based on Gandhian ideology, these include
    • organizing village Panchayats and endowing them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government. (Art 40)
    • promoting cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas. (Art 43)
    • promoting voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of co-operative societies. (Art 43B)
    • promoting the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs and other weaker sections of the society and protecting them from social injustice and exploitation. (Art 46)
    • prohibiting the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health. (Art 47)
    • prohibiting the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and drought cattle and improving their breeds. (Art 48)
• Liberal-Intellectual Principles:
  • These principles represent the ideology of liberalism and direct the state to
    • secure for all citizens a uniform civil code. (Art 44)
    • to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years. (Art 45)
    • to organise agricultural and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines. (Art 48)
    • to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. (Art 48A)
    • to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance. (Art 49)
    • to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the state. (Art 50)
    • to promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations; to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and to encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration. (Art 51)