Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

A process control block (PCB) is a data structure used by computer operating systems to store all process-related information. A process descriptor is another name for it. The operating system creates a process control block when a process is created (initialized or installed).

Process Control is a set of system calls that perform tasks such as process creation, termination, and so on.

Process Control Functions:

• End and Abort
• Load and Execute
• Abort, end
• Create Process and Terminate Process
• Wait and Signal Event
• Allocate and free memory.

Hence the correct answer is process control.

Additional Information File Management:

File manipulation tasks such as creating, reading, and writing is handled by file management system calls.

File manipulation Functions:

• Create a file
• Delete file
• Open and close file
• Read, write, and reposition
• Get and set file attributes

Device Management:

Device management is responsible for device manipulation such as reading from and writing to devise buffers.

Device management Functions:

• Request and release device
• Logically attach/ detach devices
• Get and Set device attributes

Information Maintenance:

It handles information and its transfer between the OS and the user program.

Information Maintenance Functions:

• Get or set time and date
• Get process and device attributes

CONCEPT:

• Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by any external force.
• Newton's Second Law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied force in the direction of the force i.e.,

​ \(F = \frac{{dp}}{{dt}}\)

Where F = force applied, m = mass of the body, and a = acceleration produced.

• Newton's Third Law of Motion states that 'To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction'.

EXPLANATION:

• The launching of a rocket illustrates Newton’s third law of motion. Therefore the option 1 is correct.
• Newton's Third Law of Motion states that 'To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction'.
• So, when the rocket is ignited, it releases gases from its thrusters thereby creating a force that will push rocket upwards and it can gain extreme velocity using this principle.

• Newton's third law of motion is applicable irrespective of the nature of the forces. The forces of action and reactions may be mechanical, gravitational, electric, or of any other nature.
• Action and reaction always act on different bodies. If they acted on the same body, the resultant force would be zero and there could never be accelerated motion.
• The forces of action and reaction cannot cancel each other. This is because action and reaction, though equal and opposite, always act on different bodies and so cannot balance each other.
• No action can occur in the absence of a reaction. 

The correct answer is Daulatmal Bhandari.

• Daulatmal Bhandari formed the 'Praja Mandal' in Jaipur.

Key Points

• Daulatmal Bhandari :
  • He was Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court.
  • He was also a Member of the First Lok Sabha from 1952 to 1955
  • He formed the Azad Morcha in Jaipur and took satyagraha in 1942.
  • He also organized ‘Praja Mandal’ in Jaipur State.
  • Daulatmal Bhandari served as the Development and Agriculture Minister in Rajasthan state.

Additional Information

• Ram Kinkar was a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
• Vitthal Baburao Tupe was a Member of the Twelfth Lok Sabha.

The correct answer is Brahmi.​

• The Edicts of Ashoka are in total 33 inscriptions written on the Pillars, boulders, and cave walls of the Mauryan Period, during the reign of the Emperor Ashok that are dispersed throughout the Indian Sub-continent covering India, Pakistan, and Nepal.
  • Inscriptions found in the eastern parts of the Mauryan empire are written using the Brahmi script in Magadhi language.
  • While in the western parts of the empire, the script used is Kharoshti, written in Prakrit. To add to the variety, one extract in the Edict 13 is written in Greek and Aramaic.
• A notable thing in these inscriptions is, that Ashoka refers to himself in many of these inscriptions as “Devampiyaa” which means “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Piyadassi.”
• The world came to know of these details of the Mauryan empire and Ashoka when the edicts and inscriptions were decoded by British Archaeologist James Princep. 

Key Points

• These edicts have mentioned that Buddhism as a religion had reached as far as the Mediterranean under the Ashokan reign.
• Many Buddhist monuments had been created in the wide-spread area.
• In these edicts, Buddhism and the Buddha are also mentioned.
• But primarily these edicts focus more on social and moral precepts rather than the religious practices (or the philosophical dimension) of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign.

Detailed Video Concept and solution

Levers are classified into three types or class based on the position of load and effort on the fulcrum;

Class 1 Lever:

• A Class 1 lever has the fulcrum placed between the effort and load
• The movement of the load is in the opposite direction of the movement of the effort
• E.g. crowbars, scissors, pliers, tin snips and seesaws

Class 2 Lever

• A Class 2 lever has the load between the effort and the fulcrum
• In this type of lever, the movement of the load is in the same direction as that of the effort
• E.g. nutcrackers, wheelbarrows, doors, and bottle openers

Class 3 lever

• A Class 3 lever has the effort between the load and the fulcrum
• Both the effort and load are in the same direction
• E.g. tweezers, arm hammers, and shovels