Question Discussion & Solution

Important Points

Email bomb

It is an attack on your inbox that involves sending massive amounts of emails to your address. Sometimes these messages are complete gibberish, but more often they’ll be confirmation emails for newsletters and subscriptions.

Additional Information

Spoofing 

It is the act of disguising a communication from an unknown source as being from a known, trusted source. Spoofing can apply to emails, phone calls, and websites, or can be more technical, such as a computer spoofing an IP address, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), or Domain Name System (DNS) server.

Smurf Attack

It is a form of a DDoS attack that causes packet flood on the victim by exploiting/abusing ICMP protocol. When deployed, large packets are created using a technique called “spoofing”. The phony source address that is now attached to these packets becomes the victim, as their IP is flooded with traffic. The small ICMP packet generated by the tool causes big trouble for a victim, hence the name Smurf.

Ping storm

It is a condition in which the Internet ping program is used to send a flood of packets to a server to  test its ability to handle a high amount of traffic or, maliciously, to make the server inoperable

Hence Option 1 is correct

Bahlul Lodhi was the founder of the Lodhi Dynasty in 1451. By the end of the 15th-century Bahlul Lodi firmly established the Lodi dynasty at Delhi. He succeeded in bringing a large area of North India under his control. After his death, his son Sikandar Lodi succeeded him to the throne.

• In the sixteenth century the Lodi Empire, under Sultan Sikandar Lodi, in North India reached its zenith.
• The annexation of Dholpur paved the way for the expansion of Afghan rule in the regions of Rajputana and Malwa. The forts of Narwar and Chanderi were annexed while the Khanzada of Nagaur acknowledged the suzerainty of the Lodi Sultan in 1510-11.
• In short, the whole of North India, from Punjab in the northwest to Saran and Champaran in north Bihar in the east, and Chanderi to the south of Delhi were brought under the Lodi rule.
• Unlike his father, Sultan Ibrahim Lodi had to face the hostility of the 108 Political Structures Afghan nobility soon after his accession to the throne in 1517.
• He found himself surrounded by powerful nobles bent upon weakening the center to gain an upper hand for themselves. His father had to fight against his brothers and relatives and was supported by the nobles who wanted to replace the princes in the resourceful provinces. Upon the death of Sultan Sikandar Lodhi, the nobles decided to divide the Empire between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and his younger brother Prince Jalal Khan Lodi, the governor of Kalpi.

Hint

The rulers of Delhi:

The Correct answer is Jairaj- Udaipur.

Key Points

Some of the major peaks of Southern Aravali:

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

Weak entity set :

A weak entity set is an entity set that does not contain sufficient attributes to uniquely identify its entities. In other words, a primary key does not exist for a weak entity set. However, it contains a partial key called a discriminator. Discriminators can identify a group of entities from the entity set.

ER diagram:

This ER diagram illustrates key information about the book, including entities such as author, Publisher, books, and Edition. It allows for understanding the relationships between entities.

Author:

For an author, the book dealer might want to keep track of the name (first, middle, and last), date of birth, and date of death.​

Publisher: 

For a Publisher, the book dealer might want to keep track of the phone, name, and address.

Book:

For a book, the book dealer might want to keep track of the id, title, and date.

Edition:

For an edition, the book dealer might want to keep track of the name and the total number of copies.

Relation ER diagram,

• The author can write a number of books and each number of books has many numbers of authors. So it has many to many relationships.
• The book can publish at most one publisher and each number of publishers has many numbers books. So it has many to one relationship.
• The book can has atmost one edition and each number edition has many numbers of books. So it has many to one relationship.

The ER diagram,

Here Edition is a weak entity because it can not have candidate key attributes.​

Hence the correct answer is Edition.