Question Discussion & Solution

The Correct answer is ​42nd Amendment.

 Key Points

• The 42nd Amendment of the Indian Constitution is the most comprehensive amendment to the Constitution and carried out major changes.
• It is also known as “mini-constitution”.
•  Amendments:
  • Added three new words (i.e., socialist, secular, and integrity) in the Preamble.
  • Added Fundamental Duties by the citizens (new Part IV A).
  • Made the president bound by the advice of the cabinet.
  • Provided for administrative tribunals and tribunals for other matters (Added Part XIV A).
  • Froze the seats in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies on the basis of 1971 census till 2001 - Population Controlling Measure
  • Made the constitutional amendments beyond judicial scrutiny.
  • Curtailed the power of judicial review and writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and high courts.
  • Raised the tenure of Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies from 5 to 6 years.
  • Provided that the laws made for the implementation of Directive Principles cannot be declared invalid by the courts on the ground of violation of some Fundamental Rights.
  • Added three new Directive Principles viz., equal justice and free legal aid, the participation of workers in the management of industries and protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife.
  • Provided for the creation of the All-India Judicial Service.
  • Shortened the procedure for disciplinary action by taking away the right of a civil servant to make representation at the second stage after the inquiry (i.e., on the penalty proposed).

 Important Points

• The 24th Amendment had re-established Parliament's authority to amend the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution.
• The 25th Amendment was intended to strip the Supreme Court of the power to go into the quantum of compensation for the takeover of property for public use.
• 44th Amendment Act nullified this unjustified power to the government.
• Right to Property was removed from the list of fundamental rights (Article 31) and was made a legal right under Article 300A.
• 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments were passed by Parliament in December 1992.
• Through these amendments, local self-governance was introduced in rural and urban India.

The correct answer is Dr. Sampurnanand. 

Key Points

The correct answer is The maximum number is not fixed.

• According to the Indian Constitution, at one time, a person can be the Governor of a maximum of any number of states, the maximum number is not fixed.

Key Points

• The office of the Governor is the highest office in the state.
• The Governor is also called the first-person of the state.
• The Governor is appointed and removed by the President of India.
• Governor holds the office till the President of India.
• Condition for the office of the governor:
  • He should be an Indian Citizen.
  • He should be 35 years old or more.
  • He should not hold any office of profit.
  • He cannot be a member of parliament or state legislature.

Additional Information

• Article Related to Governor:
  • Article 152: Definition
  • Article 153: Governors of states.
  • Article 154: Executive Power of Governor.
  • Article 155: Appointment of Governor
  • Article 156: Term of office of Governor
  • Article 157: Qualifications for that appointment of Governor
  • Article 158: Conditions of Governor's office.
  • Article 159: Oath or Affirmation by Governor
  • Article 160: Discharge Of the functions of the Governor in Contingencies
  • Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardon, etc.
  • Article 162: Extent of Executive Power of State. 

The correct answer is the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy.

PREAMBLE:

1. It is a short introduction to the Indian Constitution.
2. According to the Preamble-

   Ø  The source of authority of the Indian Constitution lies with the Indian people.

   Ø  India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, and Republic nation.

   Ø  Objectives - to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity so as to maintain unity and integrity of India.

3. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution secures the Social, Economic, and Political Justice of its people.
4. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives Liberty of Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith, and Worship to its people.
5. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives  Equality of Status and Opportunity to its people.

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP):

1. These are the 15 guidelines given to the federal institutes governing the State of India that are to be kept under consideration while forming the laws.
2. These are moral obligations and not the legal bindings on the state authorities.
3. Articles 36-51 in Part IV of the Indian Constitution contain the DPSP.
4. Borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
5. As per Article 38 of the DPSP, the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people of India by securing and protecting their Social, Economic, and Political justice.

The correct answer is Mohan Lal Sukhadia.

Key Points

• Mohan Lal Sukhadia was an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of the state of Rajasthan for 17 years from 1954 to 1971.
• He is also known as "Founder of Modern Rajasthan".
• He also served as the Governor of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
• He became the Chief Minister at the age of 38 and was responsible for bringing major reforms and development in Rajasthan.

Additional Information

•  Heera Lal Devpura
  • ​Hira Lal Devpura was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan state in India from 23 February 1985 to 10 March 1985.
  • Heera Lal Devpura was the Chief Minister for only 15 days.
• Ashok Gehlot
  • ​Ashok Gehlot is an Indian politician serving as the current Chief Minister of Rajasthan.
  • He held this position from December 1998 to 2003, and from 2008 to 2013, and again from 17 December 2018.