Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is 18 Groups and 7 Periods.

• Modern Periodic Table has 18 Groups and 7 Periods.
• It has 118 Elements.
• Each of the tables has a vertical row is called groups. Elements in groups have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of outer electrons.
• Each of the tables has horizontal rows is called periods. During a period, a gradual change in chemical properties occurs from one element to another.
• It was given by Dmitri Mendeleev.
• The Structure of it is like a bird Grid.
• The Modern Periodic table is used to organize all the known elements.
• Advantages of Modern Periodic Table:- 
  •  It is easier to remember the properties of an element if its position in the periodic table is known.
  • It made the study of Chemistry Systematic and Easy.

Modern Periodic Table:-

• ​Is a substance that contains living microorganisms.
• These, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. 
• Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation.
• Examples: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue-green algae, Azospirilium.

Key PointsBlue green algae:

• Blue-green algae (BGA) is a photoautotrophic, prokaryotic algae.
• They are free-living creatures and also known as Cyanobacteria.
• It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in moist soils.
• So BGA has been recommended as a biofertilizer.
• The algae include unicellular as well as filamentous species.
• Some of the filamentous forms have specialized cells known as heterocysts.​

Important Points

Biofertilizers:

Thus, the manure also considered as bio-fertilizer is Blue green algae.

Additional Information

Compost: 

• Composting is a process in which both aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms decompose organic matter.
• Farm compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from farm waste like sugarcane trash, paddy straw, weeds and other plants.
• While town compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from town refuses like night soil, street sweepings and dustbin refuse.

​Green Manure:

• Green manures are the crops that are grown primarily for building and maintaining soil fertility and structure.
• Green manure crops should be such that they can be grown quickly.
• Green manure crops include legumes such as vetch, clover, beans and peas; grasses such as annual ryegrass, oats, rapeseed, winter wheat and winter rye and buckwheat.
• Green manure crops provide nitrogen as the major nutrient.

Farmyard Manure:

• It is the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals.
• It also contains litter and leftover materials from roughages or fodder fed to cattle.

The correct answer is ​Red and yellow soil.

Key Points

• Red and Yellow Soil:
  • Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Hence option 1 is correct.
  • Along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghat, a long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil.
  • Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha and Chhattisgarh and in the southern parts of the middle Ganga plain.
  • The soil develops a reddish colour due to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
  • It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
  • The fine-grained red and yellow soils are normally fertile, whereas coarse-grained soils found in dry upland areas are of poor infertility.
  • They are generally poor in nitrogen, phosphorous and humus.

The correct answer is Leaves.

​

Food is stored in the leaves. Onion as a whole is a modified stem

Key Points

• Different parts of plants like roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc perform the function of storage of food 
• The fleshy leaves of onion are its consumable part.
• As a whole, the onion is a bulb, which is a short modified form of a stem that is surrounded by these fleshy leaves that store food for the onion shoots.

Important Points

• The stored food in onion leaves is Sugar.

Additional Information

• In plants like carrot, reddish, beetroot, sweet potato, turnip, etc. roots perform the function of food storage.
• Some plants store their food in the form of fruit. Ex- apple, guava, grapes mango, etc.
• Plants like potato, ginger, garlic, sugarcane, etc. store their food in stems.​

The correct answer is ​Ahar.

• Ahar civilization:
  • Ancient name
    • Tamravati Nagari
    • Aghatpur
    • Aghat Pur
  • Upnaam
    • Banas culture
    • Mounds of the dead

Key Points

• Ahar civilization-
  • It is situated in Udaipur.
  • It was excavated by-
    • Akshay Kirti Vyas in 1953 AD.
    • Ratan Chand Agrawal in 1956 AD.
    • Dheeraj Lal Sankaliya in 1961 AD.
  • It was known as Tamravati / Aghatpur / Dhulkot in ancient times.
  • It is also known as mounds of dead.
  • Ahar's houses were built with soft black stone and raw briquette.
  • One/ two/ six stoves were also found in Ahar's houses.
  • Red black ware also found there.
  • It was a copper-age civilization.
  • Agriculture and animal rearing were also done by Aharvasi.
  • Soil-made ox statue was also found there, which is known as the Banasiyal bull.

Additional Information

• Bairath civilization-
  • It is situated in Shahpura, Jaipur.
  • It is also known as Virat Nagar.
  • It is situated on the bank of the Banganga river.
  • It was firstly searched by Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahani in 1936 AD.
  • Its survey and excavation were done by Kailash Dixit and Neel Ratna Banarjee. 
• Bagore civilization- 
  • It is situated in Bhilwara on the bank of the Kothari river.
  • It was excavated by Dr. V.N. Misra and Dr. L.S. Laishnik.
  • It has evidence of the most ancient animal rearing of India.
  • It is also known as the museum of primitive culture.
  • Swastik sign was used there for Vastu dosh prevention.
• Kalibanga civilization-
  • It was excavated by Amlanand Ghosh (firstly) in 1952 AD.
  • It was also excavated by Brijvasi Lal and Balkrishna Thapar in 1961-69 AD.
  • It is situated on the bank of the Ghaggar river.