Question Discussion & Solution

The Right to Education Act commonly known as RTE Act was enacted in August 2009 by the Indian government.

It is an act which aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under the Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.

Objectives of RTE Act 2009:

• Appoint trained teachers for better educational outcomes.
• Improve school infrastructure(if needed) in every three years.
• Prohibit private tuition by teachers to equalize educational opportunities to all.
• Reserve 25% seats for children belonging to economically weaker sections in private schools.
• Not to deploy teachers in non-academic work except for census, population elections, and disaster relief duties.
• Establish primary and upper primary schools within the distance of 1km and 3kms respectively from the child's house.

Hence, it could be concluded that the Government of India enacted the Right of  Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act in the year 2009.

An intellectual disability that is also known as mental retardation (M.R.) is the most common disability found among children with special needs. It is considered a substantial limitation in present functioning.

• It starts before the age of 18, the intellectual functioning level of a child becomes below average and that can be measured by the standardized tests used for measuring the intelligence quotient.

Key Points

• The mentally retarded are those whose normal intellectual growth is arrested before birth, during the birth process, or in the early years of development.
• They learn slowly and through imitating their peers or teachers. They have a short memory and forget things easily.
• They have problems in communication, social interaction, managing their daily tasks, speech disturbances. They show immaturity in different social situations.
• Mental retardation may vary in different individuals, ranging from mild to profound. They require special care and supervision for their welfare and for the development of their capacities.​

Hence, it could be concluded that the ability to generalize is not a learning characteristic of a mentally retarded person.

Learning disability refers to the neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia (inability to read), dysgraphia (inability to write), dyscalculia (inability to calculate), etc are examples of learning disabilities. 

Key Points

• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): It is a type of developmental or behavioural disorder whose essential feature is a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development.

Typical Behaviours Associated with ADHD are:

• Poorly sustained attention in all situations
• Diminished persistence in tasks not having immediate consequences
• Impulsivity
• More active or restless than normal children
• Difficulty in adhering to the rules and regulations

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the full form of ADHD is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Development refers to an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs. It is a product of the interaction of hereditary and environment. The major domains of development such as physical, mental, social-emotional, and language are developed in an integrated and holistic process.

Key PointsAnal powers of a child-like imagination power, intelligence, ability to make decisions, etc. are related to the child's 'mental development' as mental development:

• refers to the development of the ability to understand, learn, reason, think, perceive, and solve a problem.
• refers to the development of the ability to explore and process information to learn and understand the things around him.
• includes the acquisition of those abilities which help the individual to make sense i.e. perceiving, organizing, storing, retrieving, utilizing, and transacting. ​ 

Important Points

Other domains of development:

Hence, it could be concluded that the analytical powers of a child-like imagination power, intelligence, ability to make decisions, etc. are related to the child's 'mental development.

The use of the term ‘field work’ emphasizes some of the formal exercises which are done outside of the classroom, usually in biology and geology at senior high school and tertiary levels. These activities may be considered to be a subset of field trips or excursions. Field trips are an important part of the curriculum because it provides opportunities for hands-on experience.  

• It is a visit to a place outside the regular classroom which is designed to achieve certain objectives, which cannot be achieved as well by using other means.
• The textbooks provide conceptual knowledge but cannot provide hands-on- experience that may create difficulty in achieving educational objectives. 
• It provides practical knowledge through personal experience. It is the appropriate tool to engage children effectively and actively in the learning process.

Key PointsField trips or excursions play a significant role in science teaching learning BECAUSE:-

• It helps in clarifying the subject matter.
• It creates interest in the subject. 
• It has entertainment value and makes learning enjoyable.
•  It helps the learners in establishing contact with the outer world. 
• It develops a scientific attitude and scientific temper among the learners. 
• Filed trips or excursions are very useful in collecting useful material. 
• Excursions help in developing the spirit of cooperation among the learners.
•  It provides an opportunity for the selection of the projects.

Concluding our discussion you will get to know that the scientific excursions or trips when organized in a systematic and proper way prove to be quite effective and useful from the point of view of the realization of the aims and objectives of teaching science.

Thus, it is concluded that Because of All of the above options field trips or excursions play an important role in science teaching-learning.