Question Discussion & Solution

• ​Is a substance that contains living microorganisms.
• These, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. 
• Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation.
• Examples: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue-green algae, Azospirilium.

Key PointsBlue green algae:

• Blue-green algae (BGA) is a photoautotrophic, prokaryotic algae.
• They are free-living creatures and also known as Cyanobacteria.
• It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in moist soils.
• So BGA has been recommended as a biofertilizer.
• The algae include unicellular as well as filamentous species.
• Some of the filamentous forms have specialized cells known as heterocysts.​

Important Points

Biofertilizers:

Thus, the manure also considered as bio-fertilizer is Blue green algae.

Additional Information

Compost: 

• Composting is a process in which both aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms decompose organic matter.
• Farm compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from farm waste like sugarcane trash, paddy straw, weeds and other plants.
• While town compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from town refuses like night soil, street sweepings and dustbin refuse.

​Green Manure:

• Green manures are the crops that are grown primarily for building and maintaining soil fertility and structure.
• Green manure crops should be such that they can be grown quickly.
• Green manure crops include legumes such as vetch, clover, beans and peas; grasses such as annual ryegrass, oats, rapeseed, winter wheat and winter rye and buckwheat.
• Green manure crops provide nitrogen as the major nutrient.

Farmyard Manure:

• It is the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals.
• It also contains litter and leftover materials from roughages or fodder fed to cattle.

The correct answer is 2012.

Key Points

• POCSO Act: 
  • The POCSO Act was enacted on 19^th June 2012.
  • The full form of POCSO is The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act.
  • Nodal Agency: Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• Objectives: 
  • It protects children below the age of 18 years from sexual violence.
  • It provides relief and rehabilitation as soon as the complaint is made to the Special Juvenile Police.
  • It demands special courts to do speedy disposal of cases committed against the children.
  • It deals with the safeguarding of the interest of the child.

Additional Information

• The POCSO Act is amended in the year 2019.
• According to it, the use of children for pornography can lead to punishment for a minimum of 20 years and maximum life imprisonment.

Important Points

• The Commission for the Protection of Child Rights was established on 5^th March 2007 under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005.
• Headquarter: New Delhi
• Objective: The main objective of the Commission is to ensure that all laws, policies, programs, and administrative mechanisms are compatible with child rights as defined in the Constitution of India as well as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• It works under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• Appointed by the Central Government.
• Composition: 7 member commission comprises of Chairman and 6 members( 2 women are compulsory).
• The first Chairman of the Commission for Protection of Child Rights was Shanta Sinha (2007-2010).
• The present Chairman of the Commission for Protection of Child Rights is Priyanka Kanoongo (2018).

The correct answer is In 1976.

• In 1976 the Indian Postal and Telegraph Department issue a commemorative postage stamp in honour of Pandit Hiralal Shastri.

Key Points

• Pandit Hiralal Shastri 
  • ​​The Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department issued a commemorative postage stamp in November 1976 in honour of Pandit Hiralal Shastri.

​Additional Information 

• Pandit Hiralal Shastri ​
  • Hiralal Shastri was born at Jobner in Jaipur.
  • In 1929, Hiralal Shastri selected a remote and backward village Banasthali, Jaipur and founded 'Jeevan Kutir' there.
  • Here he trained a group of social workers and endeavoured to implement a programme of rural reconstruction.
  • In 1937 he joined Jaipur Rajya Praja Mandal and he was twice elected General Secretary and twice President of it.
  • In 1939 he led the Praja Mandal's Satyagraha for the achievement of civil liberties and suffered six-month imprisonment.
  • In 1947 he was appointed General Secretary of the All India States Peoples Conference.

Answer: Option 3

Concept:

Tree:

• A tree consists of nodes or vertices that store information and often are labeled by a number or a letter.
• A tree consists of directed edges or undirected edges or both.
• The number of subtrees of a node is called its degree.
• A leaf or a terminal node is a node of degree zero
• A node that is not a leaf is called an interior node or an internal node
• The degree of a node is the number of its children. The degree of a tree is the maximum degree of any of its nodes.

Ancestors of a node in a Tree: 

The ancestor nodes of a node are all parent nodes of that particular node.

Explanation: 

Consider the following Binary Tree 

Every node except the root node (A) has ancestors.

Hence in a tree, the only node that has no ancestors is the root node. (only one node possible)

Additional Information

Full Binary Tree: 

A full binary tree is a binary tree in which each node has exactly two or 0 children.

Complete Binary Tree:

A complete binary tree is a binary tree in which

1. except last level tree is completely filled.
2. The last level is filled from left to right.

Perfect Binary Tree: 

A perfect binary tree is a binary tree in which

1. all interior node or internal nodes has 2 children.
2. all leaves are at the same level.

Balanced Binary Tree: 

A Balanced Binary tree is a binary tree in which at any node height of the left subtree and right subtree do not differ by more than 1.

Important Points

1. A tree with n nodes has n - 1 edge.

2.  consider a nonempty binary tree with n0 leaves and n2 nodes of degree two (internal nodes). Then
n0 = n2 + 1
Applications of Trees: 
1. Huffman Coding
2. Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions using Expression trees

Given: MADRAS is coded as NBESBT.

Logic: Adding 1 to the positional values of the letter, as shown below:

Similarly,

Hence, CPNCBZ is the correct answer.