Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Payal Jangid.

• Payal Jangid has been awarded the 'Changemaker Award' by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the year 2019.

Key Points

• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation:
  • Founded by Bill Gates and his wife Melinda Gates this organization help people lead healthy, productive lives.
  • In developing countries, the organization focuses on improving people's health and providing them with the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty.
  • Its headquarters is in Washington, USA.
  • Payal Jangid was awarded the 'Changemaker Award'  at Goalkeepers Global Goals Awards 2019.
    • She was awarded for her work towards the abolition of child marriage in her village.
  • Her mentors were Nobel Peace Laureate Kailash Satyarthi and child rights activist Sumedha Kailash.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honoured with the Global Goalkeeper award of 2019.

Additional Information

• Apurvi Singh Chandela is a shooting player and competes in 10m rifle events.

The correct answer is Stapes.

• Stapes is the smallest bone in the human body.

Key Points

• The smallest bone in the human body is called stapes, located in the middle ear.
• The size of the staples is 3mm × 2.5 mm. 
• There are three bones in the middle ear, ​Malleus, Stapes, and Incus.
• ​The Stapes is the smallest of the three bones and it looks like a bell.​
• It is the innermost bone of our auditory ossicles in the middle ear, which are responsible for transmitting sound waves from the air outside to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea).

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Additional Information

• The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum.
  • The word is Latin for hammer or mallet.
  • It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.
• The incus, also known as the “anvil,” is the middle of three small bones in the middle ear.
  • The incus transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.
• In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone, or blade bone,
  • It is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
• The rib cage is the arrangement of ribs attached to the vertebral column and sternum in the thorax of most vertebrates that encloses and protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and great vessels.
• The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone, or coxal bone) is a large irregular bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty).
• it is composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis.

Concept:

• Nutrition is a process by which an organism consumes and uses food materials.
• According to WHO, Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs.
• There are various modes of nutrition mainly Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Chemoautotrophic, Saprophytic,  etc.

Explanation:

• Holophytic or autotrophic nutrition: In this type of nutrition the organisms prepare their food by themselves. Eg - green plants.
• Plants prepare their food by the process called photosynthesis. 
• During photosynthesis, plants trap solar energy or light energy with the help of chloroplast present in the green leaves and convert it into Chemical energy
• A pigment called chlorophyll is present in the chloroplasts which are required in trapping sunlight
• Plants utilize Carbon dioxide and Water for the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis, oxygen is liberated as a side product
• This gaseous exchange occurs through the stomata present on the leaf surface

• These events can be demonstrated by the following equation:

  \(\rm \underset{(Carbon\ dioxide)}{6CO_2} + \underset{(Water)}{6H_2 O} \xrightarrow[Chlorophyll]{Sunlight} \underset{(Carbohydrates)}{C_6H_{12}O_6} + \underset{(Oxygen)}{6O_2}\)

Therefore, Plants require CO₂, Chlorophyll, Sunlight and water for autotrophic nutrition and hence the correct option will be ''All of these''.

• In 1837, Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine; The Analytical Engine contained an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), basic flow control, punch cards, and integrated memory
• Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex electronic designs, though all the essential ideas of modern computers are to be found in Babbage's analytical engine; Hence regarded as the father of computer science
• Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian
• John Napier (1550 – 1617) was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer; He is best known as the discoverer of logarithms

• Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory (RAM), independent of the central processing unit (CPU)
• Disk drive is a hardware subsystem