Question Discussion & Solution

CONCEPT:

Nuclear reactor:

• In a nuclear reactor, the energy is generated by a nuclear fission reaction.
• In a nuclear reactor, there is a concrete chamber and in this concrete chamber, there is a steel vessel. In this steel vessel, the nuclear fission reaction takes place.
• Fuel rods: Fuel rods are placed inside the steel chamber.
  • These rods are made of fissionable material. Generally, fuel rods are made of uranium-235, thorium, etc.
• Moderator: It is used to decrease the speed of fast-moving neutrons.
• Control rods: These rods are placed between the fuel rods. It is used to control the chain reaction. Control rods are generally made of cadmium.
  • The nuclear reactors are controlled by means of control rods which are made of a strongly neutron-absorbent material such as boron or cadmium (Cd).
• Coolant: It is used to absorb heat produced during the reaction.

EXPLANATION:

• Moderators are used to slow down the neutrons in order to carry out effective nuclear fission and also absorb neutrons. 
• The main reason why heavy water is used as the moderator is that it captures less number of neutrons compared to normal water Hence, option 2 is the answer. 

According to the information given in the question, we can draw the following diagram.

Thus Anusha is 9 km towards east with respect to initial position.

Hence, the correct answer is "9 km, East".

All terms are arranged in increasing order:

Pebble < Rock < Mountain

Similarly,

Lake < River < Sea

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

When a process requests for the resource that is been held another process that needs another resource to continue, but is been held by the first process, then it is called a deadlock.

There are 4 conditions necessary for the occurrence of a deadlock.

Mutual Exclusion:

Only one process can hold a resource at a time. In other words, if a process P1 is utilizing a resource R at a specific moment in time, another process P2 cannot hold or utilize the same resource R at that same moment. Process P2 can make a request for that resource R, but it cannot use it at the same time as process P1.

Hold and Wait:

A process can hold several resources at the same time while also requesting resources from another process. A process P1, for example, can have two resources R1 and R2 while also requesting a resource R3 that is currently owned by process P2.

No preemption:

A resource cannot be forcibly removed from a process by another process. If a process P1 is using a resource R, for example, another process P2 cannot take that resource by force. If that's the case, what's the point of using different scheduling algorithms?  Process P2 can make a request for the resource R and then wait for process P1 to liberate it.

Circular Wait:

The first process is waiting for the resource held by the second process, and the second process is waiting for the resource held by the third process, and so on. Finally, the last process is waiting for the first process's resource. As a result, each process is waiting for the other to release the resource, with no one releasing their own. Everyone is waiting for the resource to arrive. This is referred to as a circular wait.

Hence the correct answer is Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, and Circular Wait.

The correct answer is Hexadecimal.

Key Points

• The hexadecimal Number system Contains 16 digits.
• The base of this number system is 16.
• It comprises 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.

Additional Information

• About Binary number system:
  • There are only 2 digits in the Binary system, which are 0 and 1.
  • The base of this number system is 2.
  • This number system is used by all digital computers to convert the data input from decimal to its binary equivalent.
• About Decimal number system:
  • It contains 10 digits.
  • It comprises 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
  • The base of this number is 10.
• About Octal number system:
  • It contains 8 digits.
  • The base of this number is 8.