Question Discussion & Solution

Concept:

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO):

• It is the premier space agency of the government of India.
• Its vision is to harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration.
• The space research activities were initiated in India under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founding father of the Indian space program, during the 1960s.
• ISRO established: 15 August 1969
• Headquarters: Bengaluru

​Explanation:

Vikram Sarabhai:

• Vikram Sarabhai was an Indian Physicist.
• He Initiated Space Research.
• He is also known as the 'Father of the Indian space program'.
• Vikram Sarabhai also researched cosmic Rays under Dr. C.V. Raman, a noble prize winner.

Thus, the Indian Space Research Center was formed by Vikram Sarabhai.

Additional Information 

Homi Baba:

• Homi Baba worked towards the development of nuclear power.
• Known as the 'Father of the Indian nuclear program'
• He founded the Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research. 

Rakesh Sharma:

• Rakesh Sharma is the first Indian citizen to travel to space.
• Rakesh Sharma flew aboard Soyuz T - 11 along with Yury Malyshev and Flight Engineer Gennadi Strekalov.
• He became the first Indian to enter space in 1984.
• He was an officer in the Indian Air Force.
• He was awarded the honour of “the Hero of the Soviet Union”.
• He also received Ashok Chakra, India’s highest peacetime gallantry award.

K Sivan:

• Dr K Sivan was the Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation uptill 2021.
• He was born in 1957 in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
• Dr Sivan was inducted into Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Project of ISRO in 1982.
• He also served as Director at Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at ISRO and Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.
• He assumed the office as chief of ISRO in 2018.

Letters are replaced by their place values as in the general alphabetical series.

Similarly,

Hence, answer is '14935'.

The correct answer is Butane.

Key Points 

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a blend of light hydrocarbon compounds.
  • It mainly consists of butane or propane or a mixture of both.
  • At room temperature, both gases are colourless and odourless.
  • It is a mixture of 48% propane, 50% butane, and 2% pentane.

Additional Information

• Water Gas:
  • Water-gas is a mixture of CO and H₂.
  • However, by-products such as char, tar, soot, ash, and condensates are also produced. 
• Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
• Compressed natural gas is a fuel that can be used in place of petrol (gasoline), diesel fuel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
  • CNG combustion produces fewer undesirable gases than the aforementioned fuels.
  • In comparison to other fuels, natural gas poses less of a threat in the event of a spill, because it is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.

The correct answer is Application Language.

• Application Language is the other name of functional language.

Key Points

• Functional languages have a mathematical style.
• A functional program is constructed by applying functions to arguments.
• Functional languages, such as LISP, ML, and Haskell, are used as research tools in language development, automated mathematical theorem provers, and in commercial projects.
• Other high-level languages are called functional languages.
• The best-known functional language of this type is LISP (List Processing).

Additional Information

• Machine code, also known as machine language, is the elemental language of computers.
  • It is read by the computer's central processing unit (CPU), is composed of digital binary numbers and looks like a very long sequence of zeros and ones.
  • Each CPU has its own specific machine language.
  • The processor reads and handles instructions, which tell the CPU to perform a simple task. Instructions are comprised of a certain number of bits.
• A high-level language is a programming language designed to simplify computer programming.
  • It is "high-level" since it is several steps removed from the actual code run on a computer's processor. 
  • High-level source code contains easy-to-read syntax that is later converted into a low-level language, which can be recognized and run by a specific CPU.
  • A compiler is a language translator that can convert high-level language programs into machine language in one go.
• An assembly language is a low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the program's statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

The relation among given numbers is that every number is the sum of the squares of the digits of the previous number:

936 → 9² + 3² + 6² = 81 + 9 + 36 = 126

126 → 1² + 2² + 6² = 1 + 4 + 36 = 41

41 → 4² + 1² = 16 + 1 = 17

17 → 1² + 7² = 1 + 49 = 50

50 → 5² + 0² = 25

25 → 2² + 5² = 4 + 25 = 29