Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Calcutta.

 Key Points

• The National Anthem of India, ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Kolkata Session of the Indian National Congress.

 Important Points

• The National Anthem of India Jana-Gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore.
• It was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.

 Additional Information

Lahore session

• The Lahore session was held in the year 1929.
• President: Jawahar Lal Nehru
• It passed the resolution on ‘Poorna Swaraj.’
• Civil Disobedience movement for complete independence to be launched.
• It was also decided that 26 January to be observed as ‘Independence Day’.

Belgaum Session (1924)

•  Belgaum Session was the only Session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.

Tripuri Session (1939)

• Subhash Chandra Bose was re-elected the President of INC at the Tripuri Session in 1939 by defeating the Gandhi Ji's Candidate Pattabhai Sitaramaiyya.
• He resigned in April 1939, and announced, in May 1939, the formation of the Forward Bloc within the Congress.

The correct answer is Raj Kumar Shukla.

Ram Prasad Shukla invited Gandhiji to Champaran.

• Champaran issue and Gandhiji.
• Champaran was a district in Bihar, and in 1914-16, farmers of this region agitated and protested against the harsh British atrocities.
• Gandhiji was invited here in 1917, he established Ashram here.
• Babu Braj Kishore Prasad, Angarh Narayan Sinha and Dr. Rajendra Prasad were leaders present there.
• This satyagraha was against the 'Teen Kathiya System' of farm tax. Under this system 3 of every 20 parts of land production was to be given to the British as Lagaan.

Result of Champaran Satyagraha

• Tin Kathiya System was abolished.
• Legal documents signed between tenants and the British for the rational tax system.

Additional Information

• The Champaran Satyagraha was the first to be started, but the word Satyagraha was used for the first time in Anti Rowlatt Act agitation. 

🔑 Key Points

• A.O. Hume was a British civil servant who played a key role in the formation of the Indian National Congress
• He was the founder of the Indian National Congress
• The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885

The correct answer is Nana Sahib.

Important Points

• Nana Sahib led the revolt of 1857 in the city of Kanpur.
  • The original name of Nana Sahib was Dhondu Pant.
  • He was the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao.
  • He was the successor of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
  • Tantia Tope was the general of Nana Saheb in the 1857 revolt.
  • It is believed that Nana Sahib escaped to Nepal when the rebellion collapsed.

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Additional Information 

• Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt of 1857 in Jhansi and Gwalior.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow, Agra, and Awadh.
• Kunwar Singh led the revolt of 1857 in Jagadishpur, Bihar.

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• About 1857 Revolt:
  • The Indian Mutiny of 1857-59 was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company in India which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown.
  • The reason for the Revolt of 1857 is the immediate factor was the introduction of the 'Enfield' rifle.
  • The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun.
  • Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat.
  • 1857 revolt started firstly on 29th March 1857 from Barrackpur (West Bengal) by Mangal Pandey. 

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• Subhash Chandra Bose:
  • In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose met with the Nazi leaders and hoped to stage an armed struggle against the British to gain independence.
    • He hoped to befriend the Axis powers since they were against his ‘enemy’, the British.
  • He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who were in the British army and had been taken prisoners by the Germans from North Africa.
  • In 1943, he left Germany for Japan disillusioned with the lukewarm German support for Azad Hind.
  • Bose’s arrival in Japan revived the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) which had been formed earlier with Japanese help.
  • Azad Hind or the Provisional Government of Free India was established as a government-in-exile with Bose as the head.
    • Its headquarters was in Singapore.
    • The INA was its military.
  • Bose motivated the troops with his fiery speeches.
    • His famous quote is, “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!”

​Additional Information

• Subhas Chandra Bose was one of the most eminent freedom fighters of India.
  • Born in Cuttack, in the province of Bengal to an affluent family.
    • He was educated in Calcutta acquiring a degree in philosophy.
    • Subhas Chandra Bose was Selected for the Indian Civil Services (ICS) but refused to take up service since he did not want to serve the British government.
  • Bose joined the Indian National Congress (Formed on December 28, 1885) in 1921.
    • He also started a newspaper called ‘Swaraj’.
  • He was the President of the All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress.
    • In 1924, he became the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation. In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta.
  • Bose authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942.
    • The book was banned by the British government.
  • He coined the term ‘Jai Hind’.
    • His charisma and powerful personality inspired many people into the freedom struggle and continues to inspire Indians. He was called Netaji.