Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is the Boot sector.

Important Points

• The portion of a disk that contains the master boot record is the Boot sector.
• The MBR contains a partition table, which stores information on which primary partitions have been created on the hard disk so that it can then use this information to start the machine.
• The MBR is stored on the first sector of the hard disk and is created along with the first partition on the drive.
• It is loaded into memory as one of the first actions during system start-up.

Key Points

• The MBR is comprised of a small section of operating system independent code, a disk signature, the partition table, and an MBR signature.
• The disk signature is a unique four-byte identifier for the hard drive.
• It is used for purposes such as identifying the boot volume and associating partitions and volumes with a specific drive.
• The partition table informs of the start position and length of each partition on the hard disk.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Trap doors.

The Trap doors are code that recognizes some special sequence of input or is triggered by being run from a certain user ID by an unlikely sequence of events.

Key Points

• Trap Door:
  • A trap door is a secret entry point into a program that allows anyone to gain access to any system without going through the usual security access procedures.
  • It is a method of bypassing normal authentication methods.
  • Hence it is also known as a back door.
  • It is used by the Programmers to debug and test programs. 
  • It can become a threat when any dishonest programmers gain illegal access. 

Additional Information

• A standalone malicious program that may give full control of an infected PC to another PC is called Trojan horse.
• A logic bomb is a small code that is intentionally inserted into a software system and will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. 
• A virus is a computer program that can change and replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. 

The correct answer is Joint Photographic Experts Group.

Key Points

• JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group.
  • It is a computer graphics file format.
  • JPEG is a lossy compression method widely used for digital photographs.
  • In JPEG, the image is compressed to make a smaller file.
  • Compression results in a loss of quality, however, so it is usually undetectable.
  • JPEG files are widely used on the Internet, and JPEG is a popular digital camera format, making it ideal for non-professional printing and web use.
  • JPEG format is best for web images, non-professional printing, e-mail, PowerPoint.
  • The extensions ".jpeg" and ".jpg" are used for JPEG files.

Additional Information

• PNG (Portable Network Graphics) files are a lossless picture format that was created to replace and improve upon the gif format.
• GIF files (Graphics Interchange Format) are used for web graphics and can be animated and transparent.
• BMP (Bitmap Image File) is a file format designed by Microsoft for Windows that does not compress or lose information, allowing images to have very high quality while simultaneously having very large file sizes.

The correct answer is Ctrl + B.

Key Points

• Ctrl + B is the shortcut key to make the selected letters bold or unbold.
• Important Shortcut keys used in MS Word:
  • Cut the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+X
  • Copy the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+C
  • Paste the contents of the Clipboard -Ctrl+V
  • Increase the font size by 1 point.- Ctrl+]
  • Center the text - Ctrl+E.
  • Align the text to the left - Ctrl+L

The correct answer is Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Key Points

•  Register
  • A register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's processor.
  • Registers usually consist of a small amount of fast storage.
  • Some registers have specific hardware functions and may be read-only or write-only.
• ​Arithmetic Logic Unit.
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit is a combinational digital circuit.
  • It performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.
  • ALU can be designed to perform complex functions.

Additional Information

• Central processing unit
  • It is the main processor or it is electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
  • The CPU performs basic arithmetic logic, controlling, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in the program.
  • The individual physical CPU processor cores can also be multithreaded to create additional virtual or logical CPUs.
• Control Unit
  • The control unit is a component of a computer's central processing unit that directs the operation of the processor.
  • It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic logic unit.
  • The control unit may include a binary counter to tell the control unit's logic what step it should do.
• Memory unit
  • A memory unit is a component of a computer system.
  • It is used to store data, instruction and information.
  • It is also known as a main/primary/internal memory.
  • There are two types of memory-:
    1. Read only memory.
    2. Random-access memory.