Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Curvature of the lens.

Important Points

• Focal length of a lens depends on its curvature and the medium outside the lens.

Additional Information

• The ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays depends on its focal length.
  • For example, a convex lens of short focal length bends the light rays through large angles, by focussing them closer to the optical centre.
  • Similarly, the concave lens of a very short focal length causes a higher divergence than the one with a longer focal length.
• The degree of convergence or divergence of light rays achieved by a lens is expressed in terms of its power.
  • The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length.

The correct answer is Pavo cristatus.

Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems that promote the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. 

• They are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) program and nominated by national governments.
• There are over 500 biosphere reserves in over 100 countries around the world.
• There are 18 notified Biosphere reserves in India.
• Out of them, 11 Biosphere Reserves are in UNESCO’s MAB World Network. 

Important Points

Biosphere Reserves and their respective years of including in the MAB network are as follows:

• ​Nilgiri (2000)
• Gulf of Mannar (2001)
• Sunderban (2001)
• Nanda Devi(2004)
• Nokrek (2009)
• Pachmarhi(2009)
• Similipal (2009)
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (2012)
• Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (2013)
• Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve (2016)
• Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve(2018)

From the above, we can conclude that Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is the first Biosphere reserve in India.

Additional Information​ 

Nilgiri Biosphere reserve:-

• ​The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first and Oldest biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986.
• It is located in the Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of India.
• The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve falls under the biogeographic region of the Malabar rain forest.
• The Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Mukurthi National Park, and Silent Valley are the protected areas present within this reserve.

The correct answer is Visakha.

• In Visakha, case reference does the 'Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace' Act enshrines and encompasses almost all the guidelines given.

Key Points

• ​Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act
  • Workplace sexual harassment in India was for the very first time recognized by the Supreme Court of India (“Supreme Court”) in its landmark judgment of Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (“Vishaka Judgment”),
  • Here the Supreme Court framed certain guidelines and issued directions to the Union of India to enact an appropriate law for combating workplace sexual harassment

​Additional Information

• Workplace sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination that violates a woman’s fundamental right to equality and right to life, guaranteed under Articles 14, 15 and 21 of the Constitution of India (Constitution).​

Below are a few types of Unconditional Control Structures

The “break” Statement

A break statement terminates the execution of the loop and the control is transferred to the statement immediately following the loop. 

Syntax : Jump-statement;  break;

The “continue” Statement

The continue statement is used to bypass the remainder of the current pass through a loop.

 Syntax : Jump-statement;  Continue;

The “goto” Statement

C supports the “goto” statement to branch unconditionally from one point to another in the program.

Syntax :

goto label;
.............
.............
.............
label:
statement;

Return Statement :

The return statement terminates the execution of a function and returns control to the calling function. Execution resumes in the calling function at the point immediately following the call.

 Syntax : Jump-statement: return expression;

 Therefore answer is goto statement i.e, Option 4