Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is By indirect elections by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies established in 1935.

• The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, that is by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation.

Additional Information 

• Important facts about the Constituent Assembly
  • In 1934, M N Roy first proposed the idea of a constituent assembly.
  • The demand was taken up by the Congress Party in 1935 as an official demand.
  • The British accepted this in the August Offer of 1940.
  • Under the Cabinet Mission plan of 1946, elections were held for the formation of the constituent assembly.
  • The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, that is by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation
  • The constituent assembly was formed for the purpose of writing a constitution for independent India
  • Initially, the number of members was 389.
  • After partition, some of the members went to Pakistan and the number came down to 299.
  • Out of this, 229 were from the British provinces and 70 were nominated from the princely states.
  • Dr Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constituent Assembly.
  • Later, Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President and its Vice President was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee.
  • BN Rau was the constitutional advisor.
  • The assembly first met on 9 December 1946.
  • On 13 December 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru moved the ‘Objective Resolution’.
  • The National Flag of the Union was adopted on 22 July 1947.
  • The final document had 22 parts, 395 articles and 8 schedules.
  • The assembly had met for 11 sessions.
  • The last session was held during 14 – 26 November 1949.
  • The constitution was passed and adopted by the assembly on 26 November 1949.
  • On 24 January 1950, ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was adopted as the national anthem.
  • The constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 (which is celebrated as Republic Day).

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• The provisions relating to the promotion of international peace and security are mentioned in the Indian constitution as a part of Directive Principles of State Policy.
• Article 51 of the Constitution which is a Directive Principle of State Policy directs the state to promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
  • It further directs the state to respect International law and treaty obligations and settle disputes peacefully.
• Article 51 honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Duties :
  • The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee that was constituted by the government.
  •  The fundamental duties were increased to eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for education between the ages of six and fourteen years.
• Directive Principles of State Policy :
  • The Directive Principles of State Policy, embodied in Part IV of the Constitution, are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble.
  • The Directive Principles may be classified under the following categories: Ideals that the state ought to strive towards achieving; directions for the exercise of legislative and executive power; and rights of the citizens which the State must aim towards securing.

The correct answer is 214. 

• According to Article 214 of the Constitution, a High Court has been established in every state.
• The Chief Justice of the state is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the state.
  • Each judge of the High Court can hold office until the age of 62 years.
  • The High Court judges submit their resignations to the Governor.
  • The High Court judge can only be removed on the charge of incompetence.
  • Removal is the same as the impeachment of the President.

Key Points

• The Rajasthan High Court in Rajasthan was established in 1949 in Jodhpur.
• A block bench of it was established in Jaipur.
• Currently, 50 judges have been appointed in the Rajasthan High Court.
• The first judge of the Rajasthan High Court was Mr. Kamalkant Verma.
• In Rajasthan, it has a district court for civil cases and a sessions court for criminal cases.

Additional Information

• Article 231 - It states that there can be one high court for two or more states or for union territories.
• Article 217 - Qualifications of Judge of High court.
• Article 220 - After retirement, a judge of a High Court, except the Supreme Court or any other court, cannot advocate it in the court or in the subordinate courts and can not take any post of profit under the government.

Option 1 is correct, i.e. Article 14-18.

The correct answer is Vincent de Gournay.

 Key Points

• The term bureaucracy, coined (as bureaucratie) in the mid-18th century by the French philosopher Vincent de Gournay.
• It is derived from the French bureau, meaning “writing desk,” and -cratie, meaning “government.”

  Important Points

• Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant ethic,” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy.
• Alexander Pope is seen as one of the greatest English poets and the foremost poet of the early 18th century.
• He is best known for satirical and discursive poetry, including The Rape of the Lock, The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, and for his translation of Homer.
• Michel Crozier was a French sociologist and member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques from 1999 until his death.
• He also was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as a laureate of the Prix Alexis de Tocqueville.