Question Discussion & Solution

• ​Is a substance that contains living microorganisms.
• These, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. 
• Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation.
• Examples: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue-green algae, Azospirilium.

Key PointsBlue green algae:

• Blue-green algae (BGA) is a photoautotrophic, prokaryotic algae.
• They are free-living creatures and also known as Cyanobacteria.
• It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in moist soils.
• So BGA has been recommended as a biofertilizer.
• The algae include unicellular as well as filamentous species.
• Some of the filamentous forms have specialized cells known as heterocysts.​

Important Points

Biofertilizers:

Thus, the manure also considered as bio-fertilizer is Blue green algae.

Additional Information

Compost: 

• Composting is a process in which both aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms decompose organic matter.
• Farm compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from farm waste like sugarcane trash, paddy straw, weeds and other plants.
• While town compost is a mass of rotted organic matter made from town refuses like night soil, street sweepings and dustbin refuse.

​Green Manure:

• Green manures are the crops that are grown primarily for building and maintaining soil fertility and structure.
• Green manure crops should be such that they can be grown quickly.
• Green manure crops include legumes such as vetch, clover, beans and peas; grasses such as annual ryegrass, oats, rapeseed, winter wheat and winter rye and buckwheat.
• Green manure crops provide nitrogen as the major nutrient.

Farmyard Manure:

• It is the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals.
• It also contains litter and leftover materials from roughages or fodder fed to cattle.

The correct answer is Jaipur.

• Jaipur is known as the Panna City of Rajasthan.

Key Points 

• Emerald (Panna) is a gemstone.
  • It is a variety of beryl minerals.
  • It is also called Green Fire.
  • It is found in the following areas of Rajasthan-
    • Udaipur- Kalaguman, Gogunda, Tikki
    • Ajmer-  Rajgarh, Gudas, Bubani
      • Ajmer's Bubani to Rajsamand's Gamguda and Nathdwara area is known as Green Fire Belt, where the emerald is found.

Additional Information

• Panna Mandi Is also situated in Jaipur.

The Correct Answer is "Cache Memory".

Important Points

Cache Memory :

• Cache Memory is a special very high-speed memory.
• It is used to speed up and synchronizing with a high-speed CPU. Cache memory is costlier than main memory or disk memory but economical than CPU registers.
• Cache memory is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU.
• It holds frequently requested data and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when needed.
• Cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access data from the Main memory.

Additional Information

Secondary Memory​ :

• It is non-volatile, i.e. it retains data when power is switched off.
• It is large capacities to the tune of terabytes.
• It is cheaper as compared to the primary memory.
• Depending on whether the Secondary memory device is part of the CPU or not, there are two types of secondary memory – fixed and removable.

 Auxiliary Memory :

• Auxiliary memory is the non-volatile memory lowest-cost, highest-capacity, and slowest-access storage in a computer system.
• It is where programs and data kept for long-term storage or when not in immediate use.
• Such memories tend to occur in two types-sequential access (data must access in a linear sequence) and direct access (data may access in any sequence).
• The most common sequential storage device is the hard disk drives, whereas direct-access devices include rotating drums, disks, CD-ROMs, and DVD-ROMs.
• It used as permanent storage of data in mainframes and supercomputers.

Virtual Memo :

• A computer can address more memory than the amount physically installed on the system.
• This extra memory is actually called virtual memory and it is a section of a hard disk that's set up to emulate the computer's RAM.
• The main visible advantage of this scheme is that programs can be larger than physical memory.
• Virtual memory serves two purposes.
  • First, it allows us to extend the use of physical memory by using the disk.
  • Second, it allows us to have memory protection because each virtual address is translated to a physical address.

Logic:

Wall, Roof, and Beam are parts of a Room.

But, 

House is a collection of Rooms.

Important PointsBeam means a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal used to support the roof or floor of a building.

Hence, house is the odd one out.

Important Points

• The Government of India was ready with repression during and even after the First World War.
• Throughout the war, repression of nationalists had continued.
• The revolutionaries had been hunted down, hanged, and imprisoned.
• Many other nationalists such as Abul Kalam Azad had also been kept behind bars.
• The Government then decided to arm itself with more far-reaching powers, which went against the accepted principles of rule of law, to be able to suppress those nationalists who would refuse to be satisfied with the official reforms.
• For this reason, in March 1919, the Government passed the Rowlatt Act even though every single Indian member of the Central Legislative Council opposed it.
• Three of them, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mazhar-ul-Huq resigned from their membership of the Council.
• This Act authorized the Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law.
• The Act would thus also enable the Government to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.

Additional Information

• Just six months before the Montford Reforms were to be put into effect, two bills were introduced in the Imperial Legislative Council.
• One of them was dropped, but the other, an extension to the Defence of India Regulations Act 1915 was passed in March 1919.
• It was what was officially called the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, but popularly known as the Rowlatt Act.
• It was based on the recommendations made in the previous year to the Imperial Legislative Council by the Rowlatt Commission, headed by the British judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, to investigate the ‘seditious conspiracy’ of the Indian people. (The committee had recommended that activists should be deported or imprisoned without trial for two years and that even possession of seditious newspapers would be adequate evidence of guilt).
• The act allowed political activists to be tried without juries or even imprisoned without trial.
• It allowed the arrest of Indians without a warrant on the mere suspicion of ‘treason'.
• Such suspects could be tried in secrecy without recourse to legal help.
• A special cell consisting of three high court judges was to try such suspects and there was no court of appeal above that panel.
• This panel could even accept evidence not acceptable under the Indian Evidences Act.
• The law of habeas corpus, the basis of civil liberty, was sought to be suspended.
• The objective of the government was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) with a permanent law.
• So the wartime restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly were re-imposed in India.
• There was strict control over the press and the government was armed with a variety of powers to deal with anything the authorities chose to consider as terrorism or revolutionary tactics.