Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Port.

Key Points

• PORT:
  • A 'Port' in computer terminology, is the communication endpoint using which an external device can be connected to the computer.
  • The motherboard contains slots called 'ports' into which a cable of an external device is plugged.
  • The identification of a port for a particular transport protocol and address is done through a 16-bit unsigned number called the 'port number'.
  • Some important types of Port - Serial Port, Parallel Port, PS/2 Port, Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port, VGA Port, Modem Port, Power Connector, Firewire Port, Ethernet Port, Game Port, and Digital Video Interface (DVI) port.

Additional Information

• RING:
  • In 'Ring' topology of computer networking, all terminals are linked to each other in form of a ring and the data circulate from one terminal to another until it reaches the destination point.
  • This type of networking does not require a network server to control the connectivity between workstations.
• ​BUS:
  • ​In this type of computer networking, the terminals are connected to a single central cable also called 'backbone'.
  • Here, in the case of 'bus' topology, only one terminal can transmit a signal at a time and the signal travels in both directions to all the terminals till it finds the destination point.
  • Since only a single cable is used in this type of networking, it is less expensive than others.
• ​ZIP:
  • ​'Zip' file in computer terminology refers to a collection of different files compiled into a single compressed file of smaller size.
  • This zipping of files saves disk space as the zipped archive takes up less space in comparison to its uncompressed version.

The correct answer is Compression.

Key Points

•  Compression:
  • Data Compression, also called Compaction, the process of reducing the amount of data needed for the storage or transmission of a given piece of information, typically by the use of encoding techniques. 
  • Compression predates digital technology, having been used in Morse Code, which assigned the shortest codes to the most common characters, and in telephony, which cuts off high frequencies in voice transmission.
  • Today, when an uncompressed digital image may require 20 megabytes, data compression is important in storing information digitally on computer disks and in transmitting it over communications networks.

Important Points

• Fragmentation:
  • Fragmentation is an unwanted problem where the memory blocks cannot be allocated to the processes due to their small size and the blocks remain unused.
  • There are two types of fragmentation:
    • Internal Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, the process is allocated a memory block of size more than the size of that process. Due to this some part of the memory is left unused and this causes internal fragmentation.
    • External Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, although we have total space available that is needed by a process still we are not able to put that process in the memory because that space is not contiguous. This is called external fragmentation.
• Encapsulation:
  • Data Encapsulation is the process in which some extra information is added to the data item to add some features to it.
  • Data Encapsulation uses either the OSI or the TCP/IP model in our network, and the data transmission takes place through various layers in these models.
  • Data encapsulation adds the protocol information to the data so that data transmission can take place in a proper way. This information can either be added in the header or the footer of the data.

The correct answer is the Mainframe computer.

Key Points

• Mainframe computers 
  • Mainframe computers are those having large internal memory storage and a comprehensive range of software.
  • Mainframe computer serves as a backbone for the entire business world.

Additional Information 

• Analog computer 
  • Analog computers are job-oriented computers. 
  • They carry out arithmetic and logical operations by manipulating and processing data.
• Hybrid computer 
  • Hybrid computers are a combination of analog and digital computers.
  • Machines used in hospitals like ECG and DIALYDID are the commonly used hybrid computers.
• Special Purpose Computer
  • It refers to computers that are built to perform specific tasks, such as automatic teller machines or washing machines.
  • Examples of Special Purpose Computers: Traffic-Light control systems, weather-forecasting simulators, etc.

The correct answer is .HTM or .HTML.

Key Points

• Web pages use .HTM or .HTML file extensions.
  • A file extension or file name extension is the ending of a file that helps identify the type of file in operating systems.
  • In Microsoft Windows, the file name extension is a period that is often followed by three characters but may also be one, two, or four characters long.
  • A filename extension is often between one and three characters and is always at the end of the file name, starting with a period.

Additional Information

• A JPG file is an image saved in a compressed image format standardized by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
  • It is commonly used for storing digital photos and used by most digital cameras to save images.
  • JPG files are among the most common image files, along with .PNG, TIF, and .GIF.
• A DOC file is a word processing document created by Microsoft Word.
  • It may contain formatted text, images, tables, graphs, charts, page formatting, and print settings.
  • DOC files are created to save various documents, including letters, resumes, essays, and invitations.
• A JS file is a text file containing JavaScript code that is used to execute JavaScript instructions on web pages.
  • It may include functions that open and close windows, validate form fields, enable rollover images, or create dropdown menus.
  • JS files are referenced by web pages that incorporate JavaScript functions.

The correct answer is Esc.

Key Points

• Esc key does not appear in duplicate on a standard QWERTY keyboard.
• QWERTY is a keyboard design for Latin-script alphabets.
• The name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top left letter row of the keyboard (Q W E R T Y).
• The QWERTY design is based on a layout created for the Sholes and Glidden typewriter and sold to E. Remington and Sons in 1873.

Additional Information

• Esc is a key found on the top-left corner of a computer keyboard.
• It allows the user to abort, cancel, or close an operation.
• For example, if a web page was loading slow on an Internet browser, pressing the Escape key stops the download.