Question Discussion & Solution

The disease Kala-Azar is caused by the protozoan Leishmania donovani

Leishmania donovani: 

• It is a parasitic protozoan belonging to the class Mastigophora or flagellata.
• It is a human parasite that is dimorphic (i.e. shows two forms) & digenetic in nature
• It causes the disease Kala-azar or Dumdum fever by sand fly (phelobotomus)
• The disease is spread by the bite of infected sand-fly
• It can affect the Skin (Cutaneous Leishmaniasis), the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and nose (Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis), Liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
• Symptoms include: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - Skin ulcers
• Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - Ulcers in mouth, throat, and nose, Nosebleed, Difficulty in breathing.
• Visceral Leishmaniasis - Weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, enlarged spleen, liver, lymph nodes, a decrease in the production of blood cells.

Diagram showing the two different forms of Leishmania donovani

The correct answer is Typhoid. 

Key Points

• Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting.
• It can be fatal.
• It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
• The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent.

Additional Information

• Malaria- Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The parasite can spread to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Chikungunya- Chikungunya is a viral disease. It spread to humans through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
• Filariasis- Filariasis is a parasitic infection with a type of roundworm. It spread to humans through the bites of infected Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles mosquitoes. 

Conclusions:

I) Penalty for costlier books will be higher → can not be concluded from the given statement as there is no mention about the costlier books.

II) Penalty for lighter books will be lesser → can not be concluded from the given statement as there is no mention about the lighter books.

Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Additional Information

• If there are two or more sentences that are used to frame a statement, then, the sentences must be interrelated, and mutual contradiction should be there.
• Do not look for truthful notions. The information provided in the statement is the only requirement for a student to answer the question. No assumptions must be made.
• Read the statement carefully and look for keywords that are common between the statement and the conclusions
• If there is more than one conclusion that is applicable to the statement, students must ensure that the conclusions they opt for have some relation with each other.

The correct answer is Palash.

• Palash tree is called the Flame of the Forest in Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Flame of the Forest, also known as Palash Tree is a very beautiful Indian tree with bright crimson orange-colored flowers.
  • Flame of the Forest/Palash Tree is such a tree when it is in its fullest beauty, it can change the view of the entire forest in a very graceful way.
  • From the month of January to March, the tree stands in all its glory with a lot of orange and vermilion flowers that cover the entire crown.
  • Palash trees are distinct as they have more flowers than leaves. This is the state flower of Madhya Pradesh as well as Jharkhand. 
  • Flame of the Forest/ Palash Tree is a medium-sized tree of around 6-12m in height.

Important Points

• Mahua:
  • ​Mahua flowers have many medicinal properties and are also used to make pickles, jams, and now ice creams as well.
• Khejri:
  • ​Khejri is one of the most common tree species found in India (in the dry regions of Rajasthan, Delhi, Gujarat, Punjab, and Madhya Pradesh), Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan.
  • It plays a vital role in preserving the ecosystem of arid and semi-arid areas, mainly in the Thar Desert.​

The correct answer is Rajasthan Panchayati Raj (Modification of provisions in their application to the Scheduled Area) Act, 2011.

Key Points

• Rajasthan Panchayati Raj (Modification of provisions in their application to the Scheduled Area) Act, 2011 has the provision of Joint Meeting Of Gram Sabha.

Additional Information 

• Joint meetings of Gram Sabhas-
  • Every Gram Sabha is competent to execute its functions in its jurisdiction, but in matters like management of resources, construction of roads, etc. in which co-ordination with other Gram Sabhas is required, a joint meeting of all Gram Sabhas falling under the jurisdiction of the Gram panchayat can be conducted.
  • The joint meeting of Gram Sabhas shall be conducted as per the rules of Gram Sabha as if all the Gram Sabhas were a single entity.
  • The joint meeting shall be chaired by the Sarpanch.
  • In the joint meeting, attendance of a minimum of 5% members or 10 members from each Gram Sabha, whichever is less, shall be mandatory. In case there is no quorum, the date of the next meeting shall be finalized on the same day and the same shall be informed to all Gram Sabhas.
  • The decision-making process shall be the same as in the case of a single Gram Sabha meeting.