Question Discussion & Solution

The goal of mathematics teaching at school is to build usable skills notably in the areas of numeracy (numbers, operations, measurements, decimals, and percentages). The overall goal is to teach the student how to think and reason mathematically as well as how to follow assumptions to their logical conclusions and deal with abstractions.

Key Points

•  Desirable teaching practices in mathematics-
  • Encouraging students for reasoning while solving problems- The teacher should create challenging and meaningful problems for the students to include hands-on activity in the class and determine that every student has actually learned the objective of the class.
  • Incorporate storytelling to make a connection to the real world. this method contributes to the mental development of children and also helps them to be comfortable in the classroom, story function in terms of a pedagogical and social sense.
  • Memorization should not be promoted- Memorization does not lead to a deeper understanding of the information and there is no scope for developing logical thinking and investigation.

Hence, we can conclude that the most desirable feature of mathematics teaching is to create and pose challenging and meaningful problems for the student.

Personality refers to the different aspects of a person's character such as his/her interest, behavior, cognition, etc. A detailed information about the individual’s ancestry is collected when the 'Case History' method is used to measure personality.

• Case history refers to a research approach to investigate and analyze an individual, group, community, or phenomenon to explore the causes of basic principles. t is a method of qualitative research.

Key Points

Case History Method:

• A case history is a deep, detailed, and intensive study of a social unit.
• It preserves wholeness of the units i.e. it is an approach that views any social unit as a whole. 
• It helps to collect detailed information about the unit of study and gives clues to new ideas and further research.
• As a tool of analysis, it helps to ascertain a number and variety of traits, qualities, and habits confined to a particular instance.
• The case history method shows the way to deepen our perception and sharpen insights to understand biographies.

• It is based on reality. Some of these studies have been conducted in the school environment, which has mostly centered on the behavioral problems of children.
• One thing we must remember about the case history is that it must provide valid and reliable results for the development of future research.

Hence, it could be concluded that detailed information about the individual’s ancestry is collected when the 'Case History' method is used to measure personality.

Additional Information

Mind-mapping: A mind map is a graphical way to represent non-linear ideas and concepts.

• It is a visual thinking tool that helps to structure information, helping you to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall, and generate new ideas. Just as in every great idea, its power lies in its simplicity.

Key Points

‘Mind mapping’ refers to a technique to enhance comprehension as:

• It involves putting brainstormed ideas in the form of a visual map or picture that shows the relationships among these ideas.
• One starts with a central idea or topic, then draws branches of the main topic which represent different parts or aspects of the main topic. 

Additional Information

Mind mapping in education is perfect for:

• Visualizing concepts
• Brainstorming sessions
• Improving critical thinking
• Outlining written documents
• Storyboarding presentations
• Improving reading and writing skills
• Advanced research papers or graduate projects

Hence, it could be concluded that ‘Mind mapping’ refers to a technique to enhance comprehension.

Motivation is the encouragement that drives a person to work for a specific cause. It allows a person to put efforts in a focused manner to achieve a goal.

• For example, Athletes are motivated to win the competition to earn the gold medal and the glory that comes with it. Corporate companies are motivated to develop new products to earn more profits.
• Motivation is also linked with learning. A motivated person enables himself/herself to learn new skills to overcome the challenges faced to achieve the goal. 

Key Points

• Motivation controls and directs/channelizes the focus of a person towards the work. E.g. an athlete is always conscious about the diet and calorie intake and eats strictly according to the diet plan. It helps an athlete learn about the significance of nutrition. 
• Motivation is objective and can be defined. An objective idea is one that does not change with persons. Motivation to win a gold medal speaks for the objective and is indifferent to the person who sets the target. A definite objective also defines the learning requirements as it clearly enlightens the skills required to complete the objective. 
• Motivation is concerned with reinforcement and rewards as the objective of the motivation always encourages a person to work for the reward. Reinforcement occurs through motivation as on the path of achieving something, a person undergoes skill development which bolsters a person and boosts the morale to achieve the desired results.

Thus, it is concluded that all the above options are correct in the context of motivation and learning.

Social science is the branch of science devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. 

Key PointsMain objectives of teaching social studies at the primary level are - 

• The teaching of social studies is aimed at helping learners to develop greater awareness of themselves to clarify and examine their values and to establish a sense of self-identity.
• The teaching of social studies helps promote learners' concern for the development of an understanding and acceptance of others in the society with different values and lifestyles.
• Social studies teaching helps provide learners with an understanding of past events and persons and their roles in shaping present day lives and a visualisation of future changes.
• Social studies teaching helps provide learners with a knowledge of human systems in areas of economics, government, and culture, and how they are part of this society.
• Social studies teaching helps provide learners the skills necessary to carry out an independent investigation of problems and to react critically to the solutions posed by others.
• Social studies teaching aims at providing learners with an awareness of possible situations and their possible roles in shaping the future.
• Social studies helps provide learners with an appreciation of people's efforts to improve human conditions through creative expression and problem-solving.
• Social studies teaching provides learners with an understanding of the decision-making processes involved in human interaction and with the skills necessary to become effective decision-makers. 

Therefore, from the above points, it is clear that to keep record of crimes in society is not an objective of teaching social studies at the primary level.