Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is A Central processing unit.

Key Points

• Central Processing Unit(CPU)
  • A CPU is also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executing instructions comprising a computer program.
  • The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in the program.
  • The fundamental operation of most CPU's regardless of the physical form they take is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. 
• Instructions cycle in CPU
  • All CPU's follows the following steps in order to complete their operations:
    1. Fetch: The first step, involves retrieving instructions from the program memory.
    2. Decode: The instruction that the CPU fetches from the memory determines what the CPU will do, which is decoded by the instructor decoder.
    3. Execute: In this step, all the desired functions are performed as per the instructions decoded.
• Intel Core
  • ​Intel core are streamlined computers CPU marketed by Intel Corporation.
  • Brand Names: Core, Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Core i9
  • Launched: January 2006
  • Founders: Gordon Moore Robert Noyce
  • Headquarters: Santa Clara, California, USA

Additional Information

Explanation:

Bus: In computer architecture, a bus (related to the Latin “omnibus”, meaning “for all”) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.

The types of buses are:

Address Bus:

• It is a unidirectional Bus, which is responsible for only one-way communication.

Data Bus:

• It is a bi-directional bus.
• Data and Instructions pass through this bus to reach the microprocessor.
• This is responsible for the exchange of information between the main memory and microprocessor.

Control Bus:

• This is a unidirectional bus.
• This tells whether read or write, which operation should be performed that is in which direction the data should flow.

So Utility Bus is not a type of bus used in computer architecture, hence option 4 is the correct answer.

Binary semaphores are also known as Mutex locks, as they are locks that provide mutual exclusion.

Explanation:-

Binary semaphores:- This is also known as mutex lock. It can have only two values 0 and 1. Its value is initialized to 1. It is used to implement the solution of critical section problems with multiple processes.

 Important PointsCounting semaphores:- Its value can range over an unrestricted domain. It is used to control access to a resource that has multiple instances

Using mutex:- A mutex provides mutual exclusion, either producer or consumer can have the key (mutex) and proceed with their work. 

Shared variable:- A semaphore is a shared variable that is used to implement mutual exclusion between system processes.
 Additional InformationSemaphore used:- Semaphores are typically used in one of two ways: To control access to a shared device between task. A Printer is a good example. You don'twant 2 tasks sent to the printer at once, so you create a binary semaphore to control printer access.

The correct answer is Displacement.

Key Points

•  Displacement
  • When a body moves from one position to another, the shortest distance between the initial position and final position of the body along with direction is known as Displacement.
  • Its SI unit is a meter.
  • It is a vector quantity.
  • Displacement of the object can be positive, negative, zero.
  • Displacement of the object can never be greater than the distance traveled by it.
• When there is no change in an initial position and final position even after covering some path, then it is considered zero displacements.

Additional Information

• Distance
  • It is the actual path covered by a moving body irrespective of the direction in which the body travels.
  • Its SI unit is a meter.
  • It is a scalar quantity.
  • An odometer is used to measure the distance traveled by the vehicle.  
• Speed
  • The time rate of change of position of the object in any direction is called the speed of the object.
  • It is a scalar quantity.
  • Its SI unit is m/s.
  • Speed= Distance travelled/Time taken
• Frequency
  • It tells us how frequently an event occurs.
  • The number of complete waves produced in one second is called the frequency of the waves.
  • Hertz is the SI unit of Frequency. It is named in the honor of Rudolf Hertz.
  • 1 Hertz= 1 vibration per second.

The correct answer is Thymine and Cytosine.

Key Points

• The pyrimidines in DNA are C & T. In RNA, U replaces T.

• Cytosine (C) formula is C₄H₅N₃O and Thymine (T) formula is C₅H₆N₂O₂.

Additional Information

• Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, is the hereditary complex molecule present in humans and almost all other organisms.
• The information in DNA (double helix structure) is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
  • DNA has two base pairs, A-T and G-C, attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.
• DNA is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code.
  • It holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies and the function of living things.
• In the cell nucleus, the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.
  • A chromosome (microscopic structure) is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
  • A chromosome has two arms - a p arm (short arm) and a q arm (long arm), joined in the location of the centromere.

• Watson and Crick Proposed the Double Helix structure of DNA with the two strands connected by hydrogen bonds.