Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is One Chairman and two members​.

• Rajasthan State Human Rights Commission is comprised of One Chairman and two members.

Key Points

• Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006 consists of three members including a chairperson. The chairperson should be a retired Chief Justice of a High Court.
• The other members should be:
  • A serving or retired judge of a High Court or a District Judge in the state with a minimum of seven years experience as a District judge.
  • A person having practical experience or knowledge related to human rights.
• The State Government of Rajasthan issued a Notification on January 18, 1999, for the constitution of the State Commission in accordance with the provisions of The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

• The Human Rights Commission became functional in March 2000 with the appointment of Justice Kanta Kumari Bhatnagar, as the first Chairperson with Shri R. K. Akodia, Shri B. L. Joshi, and Prof. Alamshah Khan as the members of the commission.

The Correct answer is Justice Fazl Ali.

Key Points

• The creation of the Andhra state intensified the demand from other regions for the creation of states on a linguistic basis.
• This forced the Government of India to appoint (in December 1953) a three-member States Reorganisation Commission under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali to re-examine the whole question. Its other two members were K M Panikkar and H N Kunzru.
• It submitted its report in September 1955 and broadly accepted language as the basis of the reorganisation of states. But, it rejected the theory of ‘one language-one state’. Its view was that the unity of India should be regarded as the primary consideration in any redrawing of the country’s political units. It identified four major factors that can be taken into account in any scheme of the reorganisation of states:

1. Preservation and strengthening of the unity and security of the country.
2.  Linguistic and cultural homogeneity.
3. Financial, economic and administrative considerations.
4. Planning and promotion of the welfare of the people in each state as well as of the nation as a whole.

• The commission suggested the abolition of the four-fold classification of states under the original Constitution and the creation of 16 states and 3 centrally administered territories. The Government of India accepted these recommendations with certain minor modifications.
• By the States Reorganisation Act (1956) and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act (1956), the distinction between Part-A and Part-B states was done away with and Part-C states were abolished. Some of them were merged with adjacent states and some others were designated as union territories. As a result, 14 states and 6 union territories were created on November 1, 1956.
• The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 established the new state of Kerala by merging the Travancore- Cochin State with the Malabar District of Madras state and Kasargode of South Canara (Dakshina Kannada).
• It merged the Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad state with the Andhra state to create the Andhra Pradesh state. Further, it merged the Madya Bharat state, Vindya Pradesh state and Bhopal state into the Madya Pradesh state. Similarly, it merged the Saurashtra state and Kutch state into that of the Bombay state.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Article 23 to 24.

• Fundamental Rights:
  • Articles 12-35 of Part - III of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights.
  • Fundamental rights are enforceable in the court of law.
  • There are six fundamental rights as of present, they are:
    • Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
    • Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)
    • Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24)
    • Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
    • Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29-30)
    • Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

 Key Points

• The ECA was enacted in 1955.
• The act provides for the control of production, supply, distribution, trade, and commerce in any farm good deemed “essential” and “in the interest of the general public”.
• The list of items under the Act includes drugs, fertilizers, pulses, and edible oils, and petroleum and petroleum products.

 Important Points

• If the Centre finds that a certain commodity is in short supply and its price is spiking, it can notify stock-holding limits on it for a specified period.
• The States act on this notification to specify limits and take steps to ensure that these are adhered to.
• Anybody trading or dealing in a commodity, be it wholesalers, retailers, or even importers are prevented from stockpiling it beyond a certain quantity.

 Additional Information

•  The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020 is aimed at deregulating commodities such as cereals, pulses, oilseeds, edible oils, onion, and potatoes.

The correct answer is 3 only

Key Points

• There are several political features that are common to India and America (USA).
• Both Nation have
  • Written Constitution.
  • Bill of Rights and Fundamental Rights.
  • The supremacy of the Federal or Union Government.
  • Separation of powers and Powers of Checks and Balance in common.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of both US and India is a written Constitution, which provides for a federal political structure where both the governments exercise their respective powers.
• Both countries amending the Constitution to meet the changing circumstances and the growing political, economic, social needs and demands political and economic needs.
• In both countries, the federal government works at the center to which various states have acceded to.
• Both in the US and India, states which have accepted the Federal set up have no individual power to separate from the Central Government or the Union Government.
• Both the Central as well as State Government is empowered to makes laws on subjects.
• The law enacted by the Federal or Union Government will prevail over the law enacted by the states on the same subject in case of a dispute.
• Both US and Indian Constitutions provide for separation of powers among three institutions namely executive, legislature, and the judiciary.
• The executive governs the country, the legislature makes laws, and the judiciary ensures justice.