Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• The 'Procedure established by Law' was taken from the Japanese Constitution.
• The “Procedure Established by Law” means that a law is duly enacted by the legislature or the concerned body is valid only if the correct procedure has been followed to the letter.
• By adopting the phrase "procedure established by law" the Constitution gave the legislature the final word to determine the law.

Additional Information

• Some important borrowings in Indian Constitution
• Strong federation of Center - Canada
• Parliament - Britain
• Preamble - USA
• DPSP - Ireland
• Fundamental Duties -Russia/USSR
• Election of President - Ireland
• Emergency - Germany  

The correct answer is the Right to education.

Important Points

• The right to education was added in the Indian Constitution by the 86th Constitutional amendment in 2002.
  • Right to education was inserted in Article 21A.
  • It included the right to education in the fundamental rights category.
• Equality before the law is a fundamental right.
  • It is given in Article 14.
• The abolition of untouchability and the prohibition of its practice is also a fundamental right.
  • It is given in Article 17.
• The abolition of titles except for military and academic is also a fundamental right.
  • It is given in Article 18.

The correct answer is 3 only

Key Points

• There are several political features that are common to India and America (USA).
• Both Nation have
  • Written Constitution.
  • Bill of Rights and Fundamental Rights.
  • The supremacy of the Federal or Union Government.
  • Separation of powers and Powers of Checks and Balance in common.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of both US and India is a written Constitution, which provides for a federal political structure where both the governments exercise their respective powers.
• Both countries amending the Constitution to meet the changing circumstances and the growing political, economic, social needs and demands political and economic needs.
• In both countries, the federal government works at the center to which various states have acceded to.
• Both in the US and India, states which have accepted the Federal set up have no individual power to separate from the Central Government or the Union Government.
• Both the Central as well as State Government is empowered to makes laws on subjects.
• The law enacted by the Federal or Union Government will prevail over the law enacted by the states on the same subject in case of a dispute.
• Both US and Indian Constitutions provide for separation of powers among three institutions namely executive, legislature, and the judiciary.
• The executive governs the country, the legislature makes laws, and the judiciary ensures justice.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
  • Articles 36-51 of Part-IV of the Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
  • They are borrowed from the constitution of Ireland. 
  • DPSP's are non-justiciable and are enforceable in the court of law.
  • They act as directives to the government to create any law.
  • They act as the ‘instrument of instructions’.
  • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar described Directive Principles as a “Novel Feature” of the Constitution. 
• The Directive Principles are classified on the basis of their ideological source and objectives.
• For the sake of making their study convenient, we can broadly place them in four categories, These are;
  • Economic and Socialist Principles;
  • Directives Based on Gandhian Principles;
  • Directive Principles relating to International Peace; and
  • Liberal-Intellectual Principles.

The Correct answer is option 3 i.e. 1 and 3 only