Question Discussion & Solution

Right to Education Act (RTE) provided free and compulsory education to children in 2009 and enforced it as a fundamental right under Article 21-A.

Important Points The right to freedom guarantees freedom for citizens to live a life of dignity among other things. These are given in Articles 19, 20, 21A, and 22 of the Indian Constitution. 

Below are the associated articles of the Constitution under the right to freedom:

Thus, we can say that the ‘Right to Education’ was made part of the right to freedom by the 86th Constitution Amendment Act.

Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc. 

Important Points

The Fundamental Rights have been classified under six categories including the Right to equality which include the following rights:

1. Right to equality (Articles 14–18)
   1. Equality before the law and equal protection of laws (Article 14).
   2. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15).
   3. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16).
   4. Abolition of untouchability and prohibition of its practice (Article 17).
   5. Abolition of titles except military and academic (Article 18).

Additional Information

•  Right to Freedom (Articles 19 – 22)​- The Indian Constitution guarantees freedom to citizens. The freedom right includes many rights such as:
  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of expression
  • Freedom of assembly without arms
  • Freedom of association
  • Freedom to practise any profession 
  • Freedom to reside in any part of the country
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 – 24)- This right implies the prohibition of traffic in human beings, beggar, and other forms of forced labour. It also implies the prohibition of children in factories, etc. The Constitution prohibits the employment of children under 14 years in hazardous conditions.
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (32 – 35)- The Constitution guarantees remedies if citizens’ fundamental rights are violated. The government cannot infringe upon or curb anyone’s rights. When these rights are violated, the aggrieved party can approach the courts. Citizens can even go directly to the Supreme Court which can issue writs for enforcing fundamental rights.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4 only.

• National Development Council was established on 6th August 1952 by the government of India.
• It acts as an advisory body of the Planning Commission.
• It was set up to:

1. Promote the overall development of the country.
2. Create common economic policies.
3. Strengthen and mobilize the efforts and resources of the country for the accomplishment of the plan.
4. Provide assistance to states related to their developmental works.

• Composition of NDC:

• The secretary of the Planning Commission is also the secretary of the National Developmental Council.
• They generally meet twice a year.

 Additional Information

• Since the inception of NITI Aayog on January 1st, 2015, the NDC has not organized meetings.

The correct answer is  Suryakant.

Key Points

• Suryakant is the Chief Justice of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh from 5 October 2018 to 24 May 2019.
• Suryakant is also a former Judge of Punjab and Haryana High Court.
• He is also a judge of the Supreme court.
• Justice Surya Kant took oath as a judge of the Supreme Court of India on 24 May 2019.

Important Points

• Justice V. Ramasubramanian was the Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh from 22 June 2019 to 22 September 2019.
• From 6 October 2019, Lingappa Narayana Swamy is the chief justice of Himachal Pradesh.
• Himachal Pradesh high court was established in 1971.

The correct answer is Bhopal.

• The Indian Institute of Soil Science is an autonomous institute for higher learning for advanced research in the field of soil sciences.
• It was established under the umbrella of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
• The Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS) was established in 1988 in Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) with an aim to promote scientific research on soil sciences.

Mistake Points 

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 

• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
• It was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture.
• The ICAR has its headquarters in New Delhi. 
• The Council is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.