MCQ
Q.
Who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection?
Correct Answer: A
The correct answer is Charles Darwin.
Explanation:
Charles Darwin:
- Darwin proposed a theory of evolution called natural selection in the year 1859.
- According to it those populations which are a better fit (reproductively fit) in an environment will be selected by nature and will survive more.
- Darwin's theory of natural selection is popularly known as 'Darwinism'.
- English naturalist Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection after a five-year voyage to study plants, animals, and fossils in South America and on islands in the Pacific.
- Darwin conducted a sea voyage in a sailing ship called H.M.S Beagle as a part of his experiments on the theory of evolution.
- Charles Darwin became almost universally thought of as the "Father of Evolution".
- Darwin's process of natural selection has four components:
- Variation
- Inheritance
- High rate of population growth
- Differential survival and reproduction
Thus, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.
Additional Information
Gregor Johann Mendels Theory:
- Mendel used a number of contrasting visible characters of garden peas- round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/violet flowers, and so on.
- He took pea plants with different characteristics- a tall plant and a short plant, produced progeny from them and calculated the percentages of tall or short progeny.
William Beaumont:
- William Beaumont (November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) was a surgeon in the U.S. Army.
- He became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion.
- In 1822, an employee of the American Fur Company named Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot.
- Dr Beaumont treated his wound but expected St. Martin to die from his injuries.
- Despite this dire prediction, St. Martin survived but with a hole in his stomach that never fully healed.
- He was hired as a handyman by Dr Beaumont to observe digestive processes.
Ernst Haeckel:
- The great scientist Ernst Haeckel was given credit to coin and express the definition of the term “Ecology”.
- He was a german scientist.
