Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is The Rowlatt Act.

Key Points

• The Rowlatt Act (Black Act) was passed on March 10, 1919, authorizing the government to imprison or confine, without a trial, any person associated with seditious activities.
• This led to nationwide unrest. Gandhi initiated Satyagraha to protest against the Rowlatt Act.
• Under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer, soldiers opened fire on a large number of people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919.
  • It was estimated that over 1,000 people lost their lives and another 1,500 people were injured in the firing.
• Apart from the main entrance, there was no way for the crowd to escape the garden as the area was surrounded by buildings. This is a major reason for the high number of casualties.

Important Points

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is also called the Massacre of Amritsar.
• Tagore was awarded the knighthood by King George v in1915, but he repudiated it in 1919 as a protest against the Amritsar (Jallianwala Bagh) Massacre.
• He is sometimes referred to as “the Bard of Bengal”.
• After this massacre, Gandhi began his first large-scale and sustained nonviolent protest (satyagraha) campaign, the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22).

Additional Information

•  Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act in 1878.
  • By this act, the magistrates of the districts were empowered, without the prior permission of the Government, to call upon a printer and publisher of any kind to enter into a Bond, undertaking not to publish anything which might “rouse” feelings of disaffection against the government.
• The Arms Act, 1959 that deals with the regulation of arms in India.
  • The Act defines arms to include firearms, swords, and anti-aircraft missiles.

The correct answer is Raj Kumar Shukla.

Ram Prasad Shukla invited Gandhiji to Champaran.

• Champaran issue and Gandhiji.
• Champaran was a district in Bihar, and in 1914-16, farmers of this region agitated and protested against the harsh British atrocities.
• Gandhiji was invited here in 1917, he established Ashram here.
• Babu Braj Kishore Prasad, Angarh Narayan Sinha and Dr. Rajendra Prasad were leaders present there.
• This satyagraha was against the 'Teen Kathiya System' of farm tax. Under this system 3 of every 20 parts of land production was to be given to the British as Lagaan.

Result of Champaran Satyagraha

• Tin Kathiya System was abolished.
• Legal documents signed between tenants and the British for the rational tax system.

Additional Information

• The Champaran Satyagraha was the first to be started, but the word Satyagraha was used for the first time in Anti Rowlatt Act agitation. 

🔑 Key Points

• The Government of India Act of 1935 was a major constitutional reform
• It established a federal system of government in India
• The act provided for the establishment of a federal court and a federal railway authority

🔑 Key Points

• A.O. Hume was a British civil servant who played a key role in the formation of the Indian National Congress
• He was the founder of the Indian National Congress
• The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885

The correct answer is The Commission did not have any Indian members.

• Simon Commission which was sent by the British Government was boycotted by Indian politicians.

Key Points

• Simon commission was also referred to as the Indian Statuary Commission was a group of seven members of Parliament under Sir John Simon.
  • Indian politicians Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jinnah, the Muslim League, and Indian National Congress.
  • They were opposing because out of seven members there was no member from India.
  • Lord Irwin was Viceroy of India at the time of commission took place.
  • Lala Lajpat Rai was martyred while he was protesting against the Simon Commission at Lahore.
  • The outcome of the Simon Commission was the Government of India Act, 1935.