Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Boiling point increases.

Key Points

• When salt is added to water the boiling point of the solution increases.
• Water boils when the molecules can overcome the vapour pressure of the surrounding air to move from liquid to gaseous phase.
• Salt dissolves in water because the covalent bond of water is stronger than the ionic bond in salt.
• NaCl easily dissociates into positive (Na+) and negative (Cl–) ions and these ions get surrounded by negative and positive charged sides of the water molecule.
• This affects the intermolecular attraction in water and the amount of energy required for the transition from liquid to vapour phase increases.

Additional Information

• Elevation in the boiling point refers to a condition where the temperature at which a solvent vaporizes is upraised.  
• This phenomenon is a result of the introduction of a non-volatile solute is to the pure solvent.
• The non-volatile solute on adding to the pure solvent disturbs the molecular interaction between the solvent molecule. 
• This reduces the capability of the solvent molecule to transform from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase. The vapour pressure of the solvent is brought down. 
• Thus more energy is required to vaporize the solvent. This energy is provided in the form of an increase in temperature.

Polymorphism:-

• The word polymorphism means having many forms. In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form.
• A real-life example of polymorphism is when two people have distinct characteristics at the same time. At the same time, he is a father, a spouse, and an employee. As a result, the same person behaves differently in different settings. 
•  Polymorphism is considered one of the important features of Object-Oriented Programming.

Polymorphism is mainly divided into two types:

• Compile-time Polymorphism
• Runtime Polymorphism

Compile-time polymorphism

This is achieved by function overloading or operator overloading.

• Function Overloading - When there are multiple functions with the same name but different parameters then these functions are said to be overloaded
• Operator overloading - When there are multiple operations that can be performed by using a single operator is called operator overloading for example operator ‘+’ when placed between integer operands, adds them, and when placed between string operands, concatenates them.

Run Time Polymorphism

It is achieved by Function Overriding

Additional Information

Encapsulation

• It is the process or method to contain the information.
• Wrapping of data and function into a single unit is called data encapsulation
• Encapsulation is a method to hide the data in a single entity or unit along with a method to protect information from outside.
• It can be implemented using by access modifier.  

Inheritance

The capability of a class to derive properties from another class is called Inheritance

• The class that inherits properties from another class is called Subclass or Derived Class.
• The class whose properties are inherited by a subclass is called Base Class or Superclass.

Syntax for Inheritance

class derived_name : access_mode base_class

{

//body of the derived class

};

The correct answer is Zila Parishad → Panchayat Samiti → Village Panchayat.

Key Points

• Panchayati Raj
  • Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
  • It consists of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through which the self-government of villages is realized.
  • They are tasked with "economic development, strengthening social justice and implementation of Central and State Government Schemes including those 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule."
  • ​Part IX of the Indian Constitution is the section of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats.
  • It stipulates that in states or Union Territories with more than two million inhabitants there are three levels of PRIs:
    • Zilla Parishad at the District Level
    • Panchayat Samiti at the Block Level
    • Gram/Village Panchayat at the Village Level

 Additional Information

• The Panchayat Raj system was first adopted by the state of Rajasthan in Nagaur district on 2 Oct 1959 but first started by Andhra Pradesh.
• During the 1950s and 60s, other state governments adopted this system as laws were passed to establish panchayats in various states.
• The modern Panchayati Raj system was introduced in India by the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1993.

The correct answer is 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C.

Key Points

Additional Information

The correct answer is Digital Camera.

Key Points

• An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing us to interact with and control it.
• For instance- Keyboard, Mouse, Joy Stick, Light pen, Track Ball, Scanner, Graphic Tablet, Microphone.
• A digital camera is an input device that captures images (and sometimes video) digitally.
• Digital cameras use an image sensor chip to capture the image.
• However, it can also be used as an output device. The digital camera can send pictures to our computer.
• An output device is any hardware device used to send data from a computer to another device or user.
• Examples of output devices are-
  • monitors and projectors (video), headphones and speakers (audio), or printers and plotters (physical reproduction in the form of text or graphics).