Question Discussion & Solution

The most common image file formats, the most important for cameras, printing, scanning, and internet use, are JPG, TIF, PNG, and GIF. JPG is the most used image file format.

Full Form

JPG = Joint Photographic Experts Group

TIF / TIFF = Tagged Image File Format

PNG = Portable Network Graphics

GIF = Graphics Interchange Format

The correct answer is TCP/IP.

• The standard network protocol of the Internet, TCP/IP, stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
  • The Internet Protocol part of the standard refers to the addressing of data message packets.
  • Additional protocols that operate within the TCP/IP framework include UDP, HTTP, and FTP.

Key Points

• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.
• Its routing function enables internetworking and essentially establishes the Internet.

The correct answer is the Mainframe computer.

Key Points

• Mainframe computers 
  • Mainframe computers are those having large internal memory storage and a comprehensive range of software.
  • Mainframe computer serves as a backbone for the entire business world.

Additional Information 

• Analog computer 
  • Analog computers are job-oriented computers. 
  • They carry out arithmetic and logical operations by manipulating and processing data.
• Hybrid computer 
  • Hybrid computers are a combination of analog and digital computers.
  • Machines used in hospitals like ECG and DIALYDID are the commonly used hybrid computers.
• Special Purpose Computer
  • It refers to computers that are built to perform specific tasks, such as automatic teller machines or washing machines.
  • Examples of Special Purpose Computers: Traffic-Light control systems, weather-forecasting simulators, etc.

The correct answer is a Cooperative multitasking operating system.

Key Points

• Cooperative multitasking operating system:
  • It is a style of computer multitasking in which the operating system never initiates a context switch from a running process to another process.
  • It is also known as non-preemptive multitasking.
  • Its role reduced down to starting the processes and letting them return control back to it voluntarily.

Additional Information

• Real-time operating system:
  • It is an operating system intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in without buffer delays.
  • A real-time system is a time-bound system that has well-defined, fixed time constraints.
  • Most RTOS uses a pre-emptive scheduling algorithm.
• Single user operating system: 
  • It is a type of system that has been developed and designed to use on a computer.
  • It is the most common system used for home computers.
  • There are two types of this operating system
  1. single-task
  2. multitask
• Multi-user operating system:
  • It is an operating system that allows multiple users to connect and operate a single operating system.
  • The users interact with it through terminals or computers.
  • Examples - Linux, Unix, Windows 2000, etc.

The correct answer is a Flatbed scanner.

Key Points

• The flatbed scanner is used to scan documents by placing them upside down on a glass plate.
• A flatbed scanner provides a flat, glass surface to hold a sheet of paper, book, or another object for scanning.
• The scan head is moved under the glass.
• Flatbed scanners often come with sheet feeders for scanning multiple sheets of paper rather than one at a time.

Additional Information

Working of Flatbed Scanner:

• For modern scanners, a Charge-coupled device [CCD] is used.
• A CCD sensor is used to capture the light from the scanner and then convert it into proportional electrons.
• The charge developed will be more if the intensity of light that hits on the sensor is more.