Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Birbal.

• The theory of Din-i-Ilahi was introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar.
  • It is based on Monotheism, which means belief in one God.
  • The first initiated disciples of Din-i-Ilahi during emperor Akbar included Birbal, Prince Salim, and Abul-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

Important Points

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.

• Guru Gobind Singh founded the 'Khalsa'.

Key Points

• The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. 
• The founding of Khalsa is celebrated by Sikhs during the festival of Vaisakhi.
• Khalsa according to McLeod, is derived from the Arabic or Persian word "Khalisa" which means "to be pure, to be clear, to be free from".
• Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Gurus of the Sikh religion.

Additional Information

• The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. 
• The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth guru of the Sikhs.
• The second holiest book of the Sikhs is called the Dasam Granth – the book of the tenth guru.

The correct answer is Nadir Shah.

• Nadir Shah took away the peacock throne built by Shahjahan, from India.
• Nader Shah, the Ruler of Iran, stole the valuable jewels bound to him during the invasion of 1739.

Key Points

• A famous jewelled throne that was the seat of the Mughal Emperors of India was the Peacock Throne.
• It was commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan in the early 17th century and was housed in the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audiences) in the Delhi Red Fort.
• In 1783, Delhi was captured by Sikh Sardars Baghel Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and hoisted the Nishan Sahib at the Red Fort.
• In defiance of the persecution of the Sikhs, he came to the throne on horseback, and he was pulled into the Golden Temple, Amritsar. In the Ramgarhia Bunga, where it is still there. It was named after a peacock as two peacocks at the rear are seen dancing.

Important Points

• Nader Shah was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in Iranian history, reigning from 1736 to 1747 as Shah of Iran (Persia) during an uprising when he was assassinated.
• The Peacock Throne was inaugurated on 22 March 1635, the official seventh anniversary of the accession of Shah Jahan, in a glorious ceremony.
• His son Aurangzeb, who had the royal name of Alamgir, ascended the Peacock Throne after Shah Jahan's death.

The correct answer is Mahmud Ghajnavi.

• Alberuni was the contemporary of Mahmud Ghajnavi.
• He came in contact with Mahmud when he had invaded Khiva and he was presented before him as a prisoner.
• In his book Tahqiq-i-Hind in which he portrays the social, political, religious, and economic condition of the then India

Key Points

• Abu Rihan Mohammad Bin Ahmad is popularly known as Alberuni who was born in 973 AD in the Khiza region and one of the Jewel of Mahmud’s Courts.
• He was a renowned philosopher, a mathematician, and a historian.
• According to the Alberuni, people of the Indian sub-continent were excellent philosophers, good mathematicians, and astronomers.
• He criticized the hypocrisy of Brahmin Scholars because despite explaining the scientific values of ancient text, they preferred to mislead the masses and to keep them steeped in ignorance and superstitious.

​Additional Information

• Mohammed Ghori
  • Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.
  • Full name: Shihab ad-Din 
  • Born: 1149, Ghor, Afghanistan
  • Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 A.D.
  • The brave Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Terrain in 1191 A.D. 
• Allauddin Khalji​
  • Allauddin Khalji​ followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
  • He introduced four ordinances to prevent repeated revolts.
  • He impounded pious grants and free grants of lands
  • He restructured the spy system.
  • He banned social parties and wine.
  • He introduced a permanent standing army.
  • He started the system of branding of horses and a descriptive roster of individual soldiers to inhibit corruption.
  • He fixed the prices of necessary commodities that were below the normal market rates.
• Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
  • In 1325 A.D. Junakhan, the crown prince sworn the title Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
  • Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq stood for the administrative and political unity of India.
  • In 1327 A.D., he captured Warangal.

The correct answer is Iltutmish​.

Key Points

• Iltutmish (1211-1236):
  • He succeeded to the throne after Qutub-ud-din-Aibak.
  • He was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, belonging to the Mamluk dynasty.
  • He constituted corp of forty loyal slave Amirs known as Turkan-i-Chihalgani also called Chalisa.
  • He introduced the silver coin (tanka) and cooper coin (jittal).
  • He made Delhi the capital in place of Lahore.

​Additional Information

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
  • He was the third ruler of Tughlaq dynasty that ruled over Delhi from 1351 to 1388 AD.
  • He established the Diwan-i-Khairat - office for charity
  • He established the Diwan-i-Bundagan -- department of slave
  • He is known to establish four new towns, Firozabad, Fatehabad, Jaunpur and Hissar.
  • He appointed Khan-i-Jahan Maqbal, a Telugu Brahmin convert as wazir (prime minister). 
    • The wazir helped the Sultan in his administration and maintained the prestige of the Sultanate during this period.
• Mohammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351):
  • He shifted his capital from Delhi to Deogir and renamed it as Daulatabad.
  • Daulatabad is situated in Maharashtra. 
  • He built a road from Delhi to Deogir and also set up rest houses for the people.
  • He introduced bronze coins of the same value as Silver coins.
  • He established a new department of agriculture known as “Diwan-i-Kohi".
  • He also provided agricultural loan “Takavi” to the farmers.
• Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah (1580-1612):
  • He was the fifth sultan of the Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golkonda
  • He founded the city of Hyderabad, in South-central India and built its architectural centrepiece, the Charminar. 
  • He founded the city of Hyderabad and named it as Bhagyanagar after his Hindu mistress Bhagamati.​