Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Jaichand.

Key Points

• Jaichand was defeated by Qutubuddin Aibak at the battle of Chandawar in 1194.
• Aibak was a slave of Muhammad Ghori and the founder of the slave dynasty in Delhi.
• Jaichand was Rajput king of The Chandawar dynasty.
• Jaichand ruled over the Kannauj area of Uttar Pradesh.

Important Points

• The major battle fought by Muhammad Ghori include:

Additional Information

• The Slave dynasty was founded by Qutubuddin Aibak.
• The Slave dynasty of Delhi Sultanat ruled from 1206-1290.
• The Slave dynasty is also known as the Mamluk dynasty. 

The correct answer is Abul Fazl.

 Key Points

• The Akbarnama is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar.
• It was written by his court historian and biographer, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.
• He was one of the "nine jewels in Akbar's court".
• It was written in Persian.

 Important Points

• Amir Khushro was a Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.
• His Khaliq-e-bari, which is known as the oldest printed dictionary of the world deals with Hindi and Persian words.
• He is regarded as the “father of qawwali”.

The correct answer is Venice.

Key Points

• Marco Polo, born in 1254, in Venice, Italy.
• He was a Venetian merchant and adventurer who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271–95.
• During this period, he remained in China for 17 years.
• 'Travels of Marco Polo', is classic travel literature written by Marco Polo itself.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Mahmud Ghajnavi.

• Alberuni was the contemporary of Mahmud Ghajnavi.
• He came in contact with Mahmud when he had invaded Khiva and he was presented before him as a prisoner.
• In his book Tahqiq-i-Hind in which he portrays the social, political, religious, and economic condition of the then India

Key Points

• Abu Rihan Mohammad Bin Ahmad is popularly known as Alberuni who was born in 973 AD in the Khiza region and one of the Jewel of Mahmud’s Courts.
• He was a renowned philosopher, a mathematician, and a historian.
• According to the Alberuni, people of the Indian sub-continent were excellent philosophers, good mathematicians, and astronomers.
• He criticized the hypocrisy of Brahmin Scholars because despite explaining the scientific values of ancient text, they preferred to mislead the masses and to keep them steeped in ignorance and superstitious.

​Additional Information

• Mohammed Ghori
  • Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.
  • Full name: Shihab ad-Din 
  • Born: 1149, Ghor, Afghanistan
  • Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 A.D.
  • The brave Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Terrain in 1191 A.D. 
• Allauddin Khalji​
  • Allauddin Khalji​ followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
  • He introduced four ordinances to prevent repeated revolts.
  • He impounded pious grants and free grants of lands
  • He restructured the spy system.
  • He banned social parties and wine.
  • He introduced a permanent standing army.
  • He started the system of branding of horses and a descriptive roster of individual soldiers to inhibit corruption.
  • He fixed the prices of necessary commodities that were below the normal market rates.
• Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
  • In 1325 A.D. Junakhan, the crown prince sworn the title Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
  • Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq stood for the administrative and political unity of India.
  • In 1327 A.D., he captured Warangal.

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.

• Guru Gobind Singh founded the 'Khalsa'.

Key Points

• The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. 
• The founding of Khalsa is celebrated by Sikhs during the festival of Vaisakhi.
• Khalsa according to McLeod, is derived from the Arabic or Persian word "Khalisa" which means "to be pure, to be clear, to be free from".
• Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Gurus of the Sikh religion.

Additional Information

• The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. 
• The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth guru of the Sikhs.
• The second holiest book of the Sikhs is called the Dasam Granth – the book of the tenth guru.