Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Qutub-ud-din Aibak

• Qutub-ud-din Aibak was the founder of the Slave dynasty in India, who ruled from 1206 to 1210.
• Qutub-ud-din Aibak was also known as Lakh Baksha Sultan because of his generosity.
• He laid the foundation of Qutub Minar which was later completed by Iltutmish. The Quwwat-al-Islam mosque was also commissioned by him.
• He built the famous 'Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra' mosque in the city of Ajmer, Rajasthan.
• In 1210, while playing Chaugan, he fell from the horse and died. His tomb is located in Anarkali Bazaar at Lahore.

The correct answer is Mahmud Ghajnavi.

• Alberuni was the contemporary of Mahmud Ghajnavi.
• He came in contact with Mahmud when he had invaded Khiva and he was presented before him as a prisoner.
• In his book Tahqiq-i-Hind in which he portrays the social, political, religious, and economic condition of the then India

Key Points

• Abu Rihan Mohammad Bin Ahmad is popularly known as Alberuni who was born in 973 AD in the Khiza region and one of the Jewel of Mahmud’s Courts.
• He was a renowned philosopher, a mathematician, and a historian.
• According to the Alberuni, people of the Indian sub-continent were excellent philosophers, good mathematicians, and astronomers.
• He criticized the hypocrisy of Brahmin Scholars because despite explaining the scientific values of ancient text, they preferred to mislead the masses and to keep them steeped in ignorance and superstitious.

​Additional Information

• Mohammed Ghori
  • Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.
  • Full name: Shihab ad-Din 
  • Born: 1149, Ghor, Afghanistan
  • Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 A.D.
  • The brave Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Terrain in 1191 A.D. 
• Allauddin Khalji​
  • Allauddin Khalji​ followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
  • He introduced four ordinances to prevent repeated revolts.
  • He impounded pious grants and free grants of lands
  • He restructured the spy system.
  • He banned social parties and wine.
  • He introduced a permanent standing army.
  • He started the system of branding of horses and a descriptive roster of individual soldiers to inhibit corruption.
  • He fixed the prices of necessary commodities that were below the normal market rates.
• Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
  • In 1325 A.D. Junakhan, the crown prince sworn the title Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
  • Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq stood for the administrative and political unity of India.
  • In 1327 A.D., he captured Warangal.

The correct answer is Abul Fazl.

 Key Points

• The Akbarnama is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar.
• It was written by his court historian and biographer, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.
• He was one of the "nine jewels in Akbar's court".
• It was written in Persian.

 Important Points

• Amir Khushro was a Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.
• His Khaliq-e-bari, which is known as the oldest printed dictionary of the world deals with Hindi and Persian words.
• He is regarded as the “father of qawwali”.

The correct answer is Iltutmish​.

Key Points

• Iltutmish (1211-1236):
  • He succeeded to the throne after Qutub-ud-din-Aibak.
  • He was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, belonging to the Mamluk dynasty.
  • He constituted corp of forty loyal slave Amirs known as Turkan-i-Chihalgani also called Chalisa.
  • He introduced the silver coin (tanka) and cooper coin (jittal).
  • He made Delhi the capital in place of Lahore.

​Additional Information

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
  • He was the third ruler of Tughlaq dynasty that ruled over Delhi from 1351 to 1388 AD.
  • He established the Diwan-i-Khairat - office for charity
  • He established the Diwan-i-Bundagan -- department of slave
  • He is known to establish four new towns, Firozabad, Fatehabad, Jaunpur and Hissar.
  • He appointed Khan-i-Jahan Maqbal, a Telugu Brahmin convert as wazir (prime minister). 
    • The wazir helped the Sultan in his administration and maintained the prestige of the Sultanate during this period.
• Mohammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351):
  • He shifted his capital from Delhi to Deogir and renamed it as Daulatabad.
  • Daulatabad is situated in Maharashtra. 
  • He built a road from Delhi to Deogir and also set up rest houses for the people.
  • He introduced bronze coins of the same value as Silver coins.
  • He established a new department of agriculture known as “Diwan-i-Kohi".
  • He also provided agricultural loan “Takavi” to the farmers.
• Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah (1580-1612):
  • He was the fifth sultan of the Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golkonda
  • He founded the city of Hyderabad, in South-central India and built its architectural centrepiece, the Charminar. 
  • He founded the city of Hyderabad and named it as Bhagyanagar after his Hindu mistress Bhagamati.​

The correct answer is Babur

Key Points

• In 1528, Babur defeated the Rajputs in the Battle of Chanderi.
• The battle of Chanderi was fought between Medini Rai, a key ally of Rana Sanga, and Babur in 1528
• With this battle, the resistance across Rajputana was completely shattered.
• After this battle, Chanderi came under the complete control of Babur, as he won the battle.​

Additional Information