Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is ​Widespread discontentment among peasants against oppressive practices of Zamindars.

Key Points

• The Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 was an enactment of the Bengal British government that defined the rights of zamindars lords and their tenants in response to a widespread peasant revolt.
• It was mainly in response to widespread peasant discontent against oppressive practices of Zamindars emerging from Act X of 1859.
  • The zamindars resorted to enhanced rents beyond legal limits and prevented the tenants from acquiring occupancy rights under Act X of 1859.  
• During the 1870s and 1880s, large parts of Eastern Bengal witnessed agrarian unrest caused by oppressive practices of the zamindars, popularly referred to as Pabna Agrarian Revolt.
• To achieve their ends, the zamindars resorted to forcible evictions, seizure of cattle and crops and prolonged, costly litigation in courts where the poor peasant found himself at a disadvantage.  
• Having had enough of the oppressive regime, the peasants of Yusufshahi Pargana in Patna district formed an agrarian league or combination to resist the demands of the zamindars.  
• The League organised a rent strike where the ryots refused to pay the enhanced rents, challenging the zamindars in the courts.
• Funds were raised by ryots to fight the court cases.
• The struggles spread throughout Patna and to other districts of then East Bengal. 
• The main form of struggle was that of legal resistance; there was very little violence.
• Though the peasant discontent continued to linger on till 1885, most of the cases had been solved, partially through official persuasion and partially because of zamindars' fears.
• Many peasants were able to acquire occupancy rights and resist enhanced rents. The Government also passed the Bengal Tenancy Act in 1885.
• A number of young Indian intellectuals including Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, R.C. Dutt and the Indian Association under Surendranath Banerjee supported the peasants' cause.

The correct answer is Kshetra Singh.

Key Points

• Kshetra Singh-
  • He was the son of Rana Hammir.
  • He defeated Malwa's Dilawar Khan Gauri and initiated Mewar- Malwa Struggle.

Additional Information 

• Rana Kumbha-
  • He was the son of Maharana Mokal.
  • He built Kirti Stambh on the occasion of Malwa's victory.
  • He built Kushal Mata Temple in Badnore, Bhilwara in 1457 AD.
  • Kumbhalgarh, Basantpur, Achalgarh, Bairath, Bhomath, etc forts were built by him.
• Rana Lakha-
  • He was the son of Rana Kshetra Singh.
  • In his reign, Pichola Lake was built by Pichhu Banjara.
  • Jhoting Bhatt and Dhaneshwar Bhatt were Sanskrit learned scholars Who lived in his Court.
  • He defeated Gyasuddin II in Badnore and ended a tax Trithkar, which was taken from Hindu Population.
• Raj Singh-
  • He was son of Maharana Jagat Singh.
  • Aurangzeb attacked the Mewar kingdom in his reign period.
  • Rajsamand Lake was built by him in 1676 AD.

The correct answer is A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. River Bhogava.

• Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, thrived along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambhat located in the modern state of Gujarat. 
• Alamgirpur is the easternmost site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along Yamuna River located in Uttar Pradesh.
• Banawali, Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi are the Indus Valley Civilisation sites in the region of Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and their tributaries.
• The Indus Valley Civilisation sites are located mainly in the region of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and their tributaries, but opinions differ on the role of the Saraswati river (whose descriptions in the Rig Veda are those of a snow-fed river) identified with the Ghaggar-Hakra river (which was a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers and became seasonal around the time when the civilisation diminished).

• Lothal is one of the places of Indus Valley Civilization located presently in India.
• It is located near Saragwala, a village in the Ahmedabad district of the state Gujarat.
• The word Lothal means “the mount of the dead”.