Question Discussion & Solution

• Indus Valley Civilization is the sole example of the Proto-Historical Phase in the Indian subcontinent.
• We consider this phase as proto-historical because modern historians have discovered scripts of that period but they have not deciphered it.

  S No	Phase	Script	Deciphered or not
  1	Pre Historical	No Script	Not Deciphered
  2	Proto Historical	Scripts exist	Not Deciphered
  3	Historical	Scripts exist	Deciphered

The correct answer is Simuka.

Key Points

• The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka.
• The Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas.
• Satavahanas ruled over parts of western and central India.
• They were also known as the Andhras.
• The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas.
• Important inscriptions:
  • The Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. 
• Satvahana rulers worshipped a large number of Vaishnava gods such as Krishna, Vasudeva, and others.
• The official language of the Satavahanas was Prakrit.

Additional Information

• Gautamiputra Satakarni:
  • He was the greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He took his name after his mother.
  • He ruled for a period of 24 years from 106 to 130 A.D.
• Hala:
  • ​He was the 17th King of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He wrote books on Gathasaptasati and Sattasai.
• Vasudeva:
  • ​The founder of the Kanva dynasty
  • He assassinated the last ruler of the Sunga dynasty.

🔑 Key Points

• The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay in 1885 by A.O. Hume.
• At that time, Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India (1884-1888).

The Correct answer is Rajaram Mohan Roy.

Key Points

• Rajaram Mohan Roy:
  • Ram Mohan Roy is considered the Prophet of Nationalism.
  • He is a tireless social reformer who inaugurated the age of enlightenment and liberal reformist modernization in India.
  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as the father of Indian Nationalism.
  • He was called as The Father of the Indian Renaissance and the Prophet of Indian Nationalism.
  • Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the titular Mughal Emperor of Delhi, Akbar II.
  • Raja Rammohan Roy started the first Bengali language weekly newspaper (Sambad Koumudi )and also the first newspaper in the Indian language
  • Roy set up the Vedanta College to spread his teachings of Hindu monotheism.
  • Gopal Krishna Gokhale called Roy the ‘Father of Modern India’.

​​Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • He was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar.
  • He was a politician, lawyer, writer, and social activist.
  • Real name: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
  • His father's name was Karamchand Gandhi, who was the dewan of Porbandar in Gujarat and Putlibai Gandhi was the mother of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Kasturba Gandhi was known as the wife of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • He introduced non-violence tactics called Satyagraha against the British.
  • His first satyagraha was Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
  • He was known as the father of the Nation, because of his contributions to the Indian Independence Movement
  • Khilafat movement, Non-cooperation movement, the Salt March, and quit India movement are the most popular movements of Mahatma Gandhi initiated during the fighting for freedom.
  • Rabindranath Tagore called him Mahatma
  • Autobiography: My experiments with the truth.
  • He was assassinated on January 30, 1948.​
• Jawaharlal Nehru:
  • Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.
  • He was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad.
  • November 14 is celebrated as Children's Day in India.
  • He is the Prime Minister who has had the longest term in office.
  • He served as the prime minister of India from 15th August 1947 to 1964.
  • He is the architect of the Preamble of the Indian constitution.
  • He was the Prime Minister of India during the Indo-China war in 1962.
  • He served as the first chairman of the planning commission of India.
  • He was honoured with the Bharat Ratna in 1955.
  • The name Panchayati raj was given by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • National herald is the newspaper started by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • He is the first prime minister to die in harness.
  • Glimpses of the world, Discovery of India are the famous works of Nehru.
  • Discovery of India Deals with history, uniqueness, features of our country India.
  • Shantivan is the cremation ground of Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • He died on May 27, 1964, in New Delhi​​ 
• ​Rabindranath Tagore:
  • He was an Indian Poet, writer, painter, composer and social reformer.
  • He was born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta.
  • He was the first Asian who received Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
  • His work Geetanjali got the Nobel Prize.
  • He was credited for writing our National Anthem Jana Gana Mana.
  • He was also written the National Anthem of Bangladesh. ( Amar Shonar Bangla).
  • Chandalika was a famous play of Rabindranath Tagore.
  • Rabindranath Tagore returned 'the sir' (Knighthood) award to the British government in 1919 to protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in which 379 innocent people died at the hands of the British army. 
  • He founded Vishwa Bharathi, Oldest central university.
  • Rabindranath Tagore gave the title of Mahatma to M K Gandhi.
  • He died on August 7, 1941, in Calcutta.

The correct answer is Vidisha.

Key Points

• The Quit India movement of 1942 begun in Madhya Pradesh from Vidisha.
• Vidisha is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It is situated 62.5 km northeast of the state capital, Bhopal.
• The name "Vidisha" is obtained from the nearby river "Bais", mentioned in the Puranas.
• After India's independence in 1947, the prior princely state of Gwalior became part of Madhya Bharat state, which was formed in 1948.

Additional Information

• The Quit India Movement which was also known as the August Movement was an agitation launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.
• Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
• The All-India Congress Committee launched a mass counteraction demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India.