Question Discussion & Solution

Memory in a computer system is required for the storage and retrieval of the instructions and data. A system uses a variety of devices for storing the instructions and data that are required for its operation.

1. CPU registers - They are part of the control unit and ALU rather than the memory. Hence their contents can be handled much faster than any content of memory.

2. Cache Memory: It stores program instruction and data that the computer uses more frequently. The processor can access this information from the cache rather than having to get it from the computer’s main memory. Hence, it is faster than RAM.

3. Primary or main memories are used mainly for primary storage. It stores programs and data which are currently needed by the CPU. The primary memory is a static device. There is no rotating part in it. Examples include RAM, ROM, etc.

• Random Access Memory (RAM): It stores data that the computer needs to use temporarily. So it is faster than the secondary storage devices. It is a volatile memory i.e. the data disappear from it when the power is off. The amount of RAM in a computer system can affect a computer’s performance.
• Read-Only Memory (ROM): The system uses ROM to boot itself. It is used to store the start-up information of the computer. This is called non-volatile memory i.e. it retains its content even if the computer loses its power.

4. Secondary Memory: It is the storage that the CPU cannot access directly. Its content firstly needs to be copied into ram and then transferred to CPU. It stores data that can be easily retrieved only by the main memory and used by the processor. For example, hard disk.

Hence, the lists of computer memory types from lowest to highest speed are- 

Secondary Storage < Main Memory < Cache Memory

Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is F2.

Key Points

• F2 function key is used to edit the content of a cell in MS-Excel.
• To enter Edit mode, we can follow any of these steps:
  • Double-click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit.
  • Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then click anywhere in the formula bar.
  • Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then press F2.

Additional Information

Some important shortcuts used in MS Excel:

• Ctrl + N Create a new workbook.
• Ctrl + O Open an existing workbook.
• Ctrl + S Save the active workbook.
• F12 Save the active workbook under a new name, displays the Save as dialog box.
• Ctrl + W Close the active workbook.
• Ctrl + C Copy the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
• Ctrl + X Cut the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
• Ctrl + V Insert the contents of the Clipboard into the selected cell(s).

The correct answer is Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Key Points

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
  • It performs all Arithmetic Operations and Decision-Making operations.
  • Data Transfer: Which includes moving data from one location to another within the computer.
  • Arithmetic Operation: It includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, etc.
  • Decision Making: It is an ability to compare two quantities and perform a logical operation such as compare, true or false, etc.
  • Control Unit: It extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU, when necessary. It controls all functions and coordinates all components of the computer. It is in charge of the fetch execute cycle.
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer sometimes referred to simply as the central processor. It is linked with the input units and output units to form the computer system.

The devices which send data or control signals to the computer or processing unit are known as Input devices.

• Examples of input devices are- Mouse, Keyboard, Microphone, Scanner, Joystick, etc.
• From the given options, Joystick, scanner, and Keyboard are input devices. 
• The scanner is an input device used for direct data entry from the source document into the computer system.
• It converts the document image into digital form so that it can be fed into the computer. 
• The keyboard is the device that is used to enter all the data into the computer. 
• It directs the computer through instructions.
• Normally the keyboard has 104 buttons called the keys.

Hence, only a printer is not an input device, it is an output device.

Printer:

• A printer is basically an output device that prints a hard copy of the electronic data that is stored in the computer or any other device.
• The electronic data may include documents, text, images, or even the combination of all three.
• Particular printers are available for printing particular data types.

Hence, a printer is the correct answer here.

The correct answer is Paint Brush.

Key Points

• BASIC:
  • This programming language was first designed by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz in 1964.
  • The full form of BASIC is - Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
  • It is generally used for scientific and engineering operations.
  • The introduction of newer machines with far greater capabilities made this language nearly obsolete and its upgraded version called Visual BASIC was released by Microsoft in 1991.
• ​C++:
  • ​The programming language was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in the mid-1980s as an extension to the C language.
  • It is an object-oriented language having two main components - direct mapping of hardware and zero-overhead abstractions.
  • The other languages like Java etc were influenced by C++.
• ​JAVA:
  • ​The programming language was designed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and was first released in the year 1995.
  • Java language is not platform-dependent and can be used to develop android applications.
  • The most recent version of Java, i.e. Java SE 16 got released in March 2021.
• PAINT BRUSH:
  • Paint is software that enables users to create basic graphic art on their systems.
  • The software has been developed by Microsoft and is found in all the versions of Microsoft Windows.
  • Recently in April 2021, Microsoft has made Microsoft Paint updateable from the Microsoft Store.