Question Discussion & Solution

CONCEPT:

• Force: The interaction which after applying on a body changes or try to change the state of motion or state of rest is called force.
• Force is denoted by F and the SI unit is Newton (N).

• Force (F) = Mass (m) × acceleration (a)

EXPLANATION:

• Both Dyne and Newton are units of force in the CGS and S.I system.
• Newton and dyne can also be written as (1 N = kg-m/s2) and (1 dyne = gm-cm/s2).
• The relation between the Newton and  Dyne is given as 

⇒ 1 N = 105 dyne

• Therefore, the ratio of SI unit and CGS unit of force is

\(\Rightarrow \frac{N}{Dyne} = 10^5\)

The correct answer is Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

Key Points
Tropical Thorn Forest:

• These forests are found in Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Barmer.
• It comprises 6.25% of the forest in Rajasthan. 
• Rainfall varies from 0 to 25 cm. It is scanty in nature.
• Xerophytic vegetation is found in this forest. 
• Khejri, Rohida, and Jaal are prominent trees present in the Forest.

Additional Information

The correct answer is In 1959.

• In 1959 the Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act passed.

Key Points

• Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act
  • This Act may be called the Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959.
  • It extends to the whole of the State of Rajasthan.
  • In this Act, unless the subject or context otherwise requires,-
    • "Biswedar" has the meaning assigned to it by clause (5) of Section 5 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 (Rajasthan Act 3 of 1955).
  • "estate" means land, or right, title or interest in land, held by a Biswedar or a Zamindar;
  • "settled" has the meaning assigned to it by clause (n) of Section 2 of the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 (Rajasthan Act 6 of 1952);
  • "Zamindar" has the meaning assigned to it by clause (46) of Section 5 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 (Rajasthan Act 3 of 1955) and includes a malik (landowner) in the Gang Canal area.

Additional Information

• Significance of the Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act
  • ​As soon as after the commencement of this Act, the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette ordered for the abolition and acquisition of Zamindari and Biswedari estates, or any class of such estates, in the State, or in any area thereof specified in the notification, and for their vesting in the State Government.

Option 1 is the correct answer: Local Area Network (LAN) has the highest transmission speed.

The correct answer is Leeuwenhoek.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Penicillin:
  • Penicillin is one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold.
  • In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming first observed that colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those areas of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold Penicillium notatum.
  • He isolated the mold, grew it in a fluid medium, and found that it produced a substance capable of killing many of the common bacteria that infect humans.
  • Australian pathologist Howard Florey and British biochemist Ernst Boris Chain isolated and purified penicillin in the late 1930s, and by 1941 an injectable form of the drug was available for therapeutic use.
• Microscope:
  • Microscope is an instrument that produces enlarged images of small objects, allowing the observer an exceedingly close view of minute structures at a scale convenient for examination and analysis.
  • Although optical microscopes are the subject of this article, an image may also be enlarged by many other waveforms, including acoustic, X-ray, or electron beam, and be received by direct or digital imaging or by a combination of these methods.
  • The microscope may provide a dynamic image (as with conventional optical instruments) or one that is static (as with conventional scanning electron microscopes).
• Reverse transcriptase:
  • Reverse transcriptase also called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, an enzyme encoded from the genetic material of retroviruses that catalyzes the transcription of retrovirus RNA (ribonucleic acid) into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
  • This catalyzed transcription is the reverse process of normal cellular transcription of DNA into RNA, hence the names reverse transcriptase and retrovirus.
  • Reverse transcriptase is central to the infectious nature of retroviruses, several of which cause disease in humans, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I), which causes leukemia.
• Bacteria:
  • Bacteria, singular bacterium, any of a group of microscopic single-celled organisms that live in enormous numbers in almost every environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to deep below Earth’s surface to the digestive tracts of humans.
  • Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal structures and are therefore ranked among the unicellular life-forms called prokaryotes.
  • Prokaryotes are the dominant living creatures on Earth, having been present for perhaps three-quarters of Earth history and having adapted to almost all available ecological habitats.
  • As a group, they display exceedingly diverse metabolic capabilities and can use almost any organic compound, and some inorganic compounds, as a food source.