Question Discussion & Solution

ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.

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Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

There is 5 generation of computer available till now. 1st Generation of Computer = The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based. 2nd Generation of Computer = The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based. 3rd Generation of Computer = The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based. 4th Generation of Computer = The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based. 5th Generation of Computer = The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.

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