Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is ​Article 370.

Key Points

• Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, which was administered by India as a state from 1954 to 31 October 2019.
• On 5th August 2019, the President of India in the exercise of the powers conferred by Clause (1) of Article 370 of the Constitution had issued the Constitution application to Jammu and Kashmir Order, 2019.
• Article 35A stems from Article 370 and was introduced through a Presidential Order in 1954, on the recommendation of the J&K Constituent Assembly.
• The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019, passed by Parliament divides the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two new Union Territories (UTs) are Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh.
  • Kashmir will no longer have a Governor, rather a Lieutenant Governor like other UT.

Additional Information

• Article 360 gives authority to the President of India to declare a financial emergency.
• Article 350A (Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage) provides that it shall be the endeavor of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.
• Article 350B (Special Officer for linguistic minorities) provides the power to the President that he can appoint a special officer for linguistic minorities to investigate all matters relating to the constitutional safeguards for linguistic minorities and to report to him.

Important Points

• The Constitution of India talks about three types of emergencies
  • National Emergency in Article 352.
  • President's Rule in State is mentioned under article 356.
  • Financial Emergency in Article 360 of the Indian Constitution.

The least possible Venn diagram is,

Conclusion 1: All apples are bananas → True (This is definitely true)

Conclusion 2: Some bananas are mangoes → True (This is definitely true)

Hence, both 1 and 2 follow.

The correct answer is Payal Jangid.

• Payal Jangid has been awarded the 'Changemaker Award' by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the year 2019.

Key Points

• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation:
  • Founded by Bill Gates and his wife Melinda Gates this organization help people lead healthy, productive lives.
  • In developing countries, the organization focuses on improving people's health and providing them with the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty.
  • Its headquarters is in Washington, USA.
  • Payal Jangid was awarded the 'Changemaker Award'  at Goalkeepers Global Goals Awards 2019.
    • She was awarded for her work towards the abolition of child marriage in her village.
  • Her mentors were Nobel Peace Laureate Kailash Satyarthi and child rights activist Sumedha Kailash.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honoured with the Global Goalkeeper award of 2019.

Additional Information

• Apurvi Singh Chandela is a shooting player and competes in 10m rifle events.

Words that can be formed using A, E, L and T are

LATE, TALE, LEAT, TEAL, TAEL, TELA

The correct answer is Mirage.

• To a distant observer, the light appears to be coming from somewhere below the ground.
• The observer naturally assumes that light is being reflected from the ground, say, by a pool of water near the tall object.
• Such inverted images of distant tall objects cause an optical illusion to the observer.
• This phenomenon is called a mirage.
•  The optical illusion which occurs mainly in the desert during hot summer is based on the principle of TIR i.e total internal reflection.
• This type of mirage is especially common in hot deserts.

Additional Information

• Total Internal Reflection (TIR): When a ray of light goes from denser to the rarer medium it bends away from the normal and as the angle of incidence in denser medium increases, the angle of refraction in the rarer medium also increases and at a certain angle, angle of refraction becomes 90°, this angle of incidence is called critical angle (C).
• When the Angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle then the light ray comes back into the same medium after reflection from the interface. This phenomenon is called Total internal reflection (TIR).
• Conditions for TIR: 
  1. The ray must travel from denser medium to rarer medium.
  2. The angle of incidence 'i' must be greater than the critical angle C.