Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is A solid in gas.

Concept:

• A system made up of a substance distributed or scattered as minute particles of solid droplets of a liquid or extremely tiny bubbles of gas into the body of another substance is called a dispersion system.
• A dispersion system is a two-phase system.
• The distributed substance is called the dispersed phase and the continuous medium around it is called the dispersion medium.
• Depending upon the particle size of the dispersed phase, the dispersion system may be classified as 1. True solutions 2. Colloidal solutions 3. Suspensions.

Explanation:

Classification of colloids based on the type of phases:

• The colloidal system is heterogeneous in nature and consists of two phases called the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase.
• The component that is present in a small amount and behaves like a solute is called the dispersed phase and the component present in excess is called dispersion medium.
• Depending on the nature of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, colloids can be classified as:

• From the above table, it is clear that smoke contains solid particles suspended in the gaseous phase.
• Hence, smoke is a dispersion of solid in gas.

Important Points

• Gas in the gas phase is true solution. 

The correct answer is Ethyl mercaptan.

Key Points

• The stench due to leakage from the LPG cylinder because of Ethyl mercaptan.
  • LPG gas is basically propane and butane.
  • It is odourless in its natural state.
  • The smell that you notice when there is a leak is actually the stench of an entirely different agent, called ethyl mercaptan​.
    • This substance is added to the gas when it leaves the main storage terminals.
• Hence, option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

• Methane :
  • Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH₄.
  • Methane is a one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms
  • It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane and is the main constituent of natural gas.
  • It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas.
  • It has a role as a fossil fuel, a member of greenhouse gas, and a bacterial metabolite.
• Butane :
  • Butane or n-butane is an alkane with the formula C₄H₁₀.
  • Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
  • Butane is a highly flammable, colourless, easily liquefied gas that quickly vaporizes at room temperature.
  • Butane is a hydrocarbon and a highly flammable, colourless, odourless, easily liquefied gas.
  • It is typically used as fuel for cigarette lighters and portable stoves, a propellant in aerosols, a heating fuel, a refrigerant.
• Propane :
  • Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C₃H₈.
  • It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, but compressible to a transportable liquid. 
  • Propane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through pressurization and commonly used for fuel in heating, cooling, hot water, and vehicles.
  • Propane can also be used for refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and petrochemical feedstock.​ 

The correct answer is Governor.

Key Points

• The Lokayukta presents the annual report in Rajasthan to Governor.
  • The Lokayukta and the Up-Lokayukta shall present annually a consolidated report on the performance of their functions under this Act to the Governor.

Additional Information

• Lokayukta is an anti-corruption authority or ombudsman – an official appointed by the government to represent the interests of the public.
  • Most importantly, it investigates allegations of corruption and mal-administration against public servants and is tasked with speedy redressal of public grievances.
  • The Lokpal Act was passed by the Parliament of India in December 2013.
  • It provides for the appointment of a Lokayukta “to investigate and report on allegations or grievances relating to the conduct of public servants.”
  • The Chief Minister selects a person as the Lokayukta after consultation with the High Court Chief Justice, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, the Chairman of the Legislative Council, Leader of Opposition in the Legislative Assembly, and the Leader of Opposition in the Legislative Council.
  • The appointment is then made by the Governor.
  • Once appointed, Lokayukta cannot be dismissed nor transferred by the government, and can only be removed by passing an impeachment motion by the state assembly.

Five friends: A, C, F, U and Z.

1) F is shorter than A who is shorter than Z.

F < A < Z

2) C is shorter than F but not as shorter as U.

This means U is shorter than C.

U < C < F

Combining 1) and 2), we get:

U < C < F < A < Z

Concept:

System modelling is the process of developing abstract models of a system and each model presenting a different view or perspective of that system. 

Explanation:

Concept that has to be considered while modelling a new system are:

Abstraction: at highest level of abstraction, a solution is stated in broad terms while at the lowest level of abstraction a more detailed solution is provided.

Modularity: it is the single attribute of the software that allows a program to be individually manageable.

Information hiding in this algorithms and data contained within a module are inaccessible to to other modules.

Some other factors that are considered are: architecture, pattern, functional independence, refinement, refinement.