Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is The Supreme Court.

Key Points 

• The Supreme Court of India is called the custodian of the Constitution in India.
• The highest court in India, the Supreme Court is considered as the guardian of the Constitution.
• The conflicts or quarrels of jurisdiction between the central government and the state governments or between the legislature and the executive are decided by the court.
• It upholds and uplifts the rule of law and also ensures and protects citizens’ rights and liberties as given in the Constitution.
• Therefore, the Supreme Court is also known as the Guardian of the Constitution.​

Additional Information 

• The Indian constitution provides for a provision of the Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter 6 (The Union Judiciary).
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• India is a federal state and has a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Article 14 to Article 18.

The correct answer is The Prime Minister.

Key Points

•  The Inter-State Council is a constitutional body set up on the basis of provisions in Article 263 of the Constitution of India.

Important Points

• Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Inter-state Council.
• Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories having Legislative Assemblies, Administrators of Union Territories not having Legislative Assemblies, Governors of States under President’s rule and six Ministers of Cabinet rank in the Union Council of Ministers, nominated by the Chairman of the Council, are members of the Council.
• Five Ministers of Cabinet rank nominated by the Chairman of the Council are permanent invitees to the Council.
• The Inter-State Council is assisted by the Secretariat, which is headed by a Secretary to the Government of India.

Additional Information

• Inter-State Council is a recommendatory body and it investigates and discusses such subjects, in which some or all of the States of the Union and one or more of the States have a common interest, for better coordination of policy and action with respect to that subject.
• It also deliberates upon such other matters of general interests to the States as may be referred by the Chairman to the Council.

Key Points

• Article 226 of the Constitution of India deals with the power of the High Courts to issue writs.
• Enshrined under Part V of the Constitution of India, Article 226 confers power to the High Courts to issue orders, directions, and writs in the nature of Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, and Quo Warranto. 
• As per Article 226(1), every High Court within the territory of India has the power to issue orders, directions, and writs to any individual or authority including the Government for the enforcement of fundamental rights as well as other legal rights under its own local jurisdiction. 
• Article 226(2) confers the power to the High Courts to issue orders, directions, and writs outside their own local jurisdiction in the cases where the cause of actions lies wholly or in part within their local jurisdiction.

Additional Information

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

•  Fundamental Duties:
  • ​They were added to the constitution on the recommendation of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee.
  • They were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.
  • This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A which for the first time specified a code of ten fundamental duties of the citizens. Some of them are:
    • to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures; Hence 1 is correct.
    • to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;  Hence 2 is correct.
    • to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture;  Hence 3 is correct.
• To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance; This is a directive principle of State Policy under Article 49. Hence 4 is not correct.