Question Discussion & Solution

Explanation:

Composting is one of the options for the treatment of solid waste. In the composting process, the organic matter breaks down under bacterial action resulting in the formation of humus like material called compost.

• Vermicomposting: It involves the use of earthworms for composting organic solid waste. It is a resourceful way to recycle your food waste into compost. It takes about 2-3 months.
• Vermicompost (worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. 
• This process of increasing the fertility of soil by earthworms is known as vermicomposting.

Hence, fertilizer produced by the earthworm is called Vermicompost.

Additional Information

Biofertilizers: 

• ​Is a substance that contains living micro-organisms that, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. 
• Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation.
• Examples: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue-green algae, Azospirilium.

Nitrogen fertilizer:

• Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NH₂)₂.
• This amide has two –NH₂ groups joined by a carbonyl functional group.
• Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals.
• The main function of Urea fertilizer is to provide the plants with nitrogen to promote green leafy growth and make the plants look lush.
• Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use.

The correct answer is connective.

• Blood is a type of connective tissue. 

Key Points

• ​Connective tissue
  • This is a kind of biological tissue that supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs of the body.
  • Examples- Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, blood.
• Blood has a fluid (liquid) matrix called plasma, in which red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs), and platelets are suspended.
  • The plasma contains proteins, salts, and hormones.
  • Blood flows and transports gases, digested food, hormones, and waste materials to different parts of the body.

Additional Information

• Epithelial tissue:
  • The epithelial tissues are formed by cells that cover the organ surface such as the surface of the skin, the airways, the reproductive tract, and the inner lining of the digestive tract.
• Muscular tissues:
  • Muscular tissue is a soft tissue that composes muscles.
  • Skeletal muscle (voluntary muscles), cardiac muscle (involuntary muscles) are examples of it.
• Nervous tissue:
  • The main components of the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which regulate and control body functions.
  • It is made up of neurons that have important functions in the nervous system.

The correct answer is Khejri.

Key Points
Khejri:

• It is known as Kalp Vriksha of desert.
• Prosopis cineraria is the scientific name.
• It was declared a state tree in the year 1983.
• It has a nitrogen-fixing tree which enhances the fertility of the soil.
• In 1988, the Indian Postal Department issued a Postal Stamp of paisa 60 on Khejri. 
• Khejri trees are found in the tropical thorny forest.

The correct answer is Jai Narayan Vyas University.

• Jai Narayan Vyas University was named after the third Chief Minister of Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Jai Narayan Vyas was the 3^rd Chief Minister of Rajasthan.
• His tenure was from April 1951 – 3 March 1952.
• He was associated with Indian National Congress.
• Jai Narayan Vyas University is located in Jodhpur.
• It was earlier known as the University of Jodhpur.
• It was established in 1962.

Additional Information

• About Rajasthan (as of Nov 2021)
  • CM: Ashok Gehlot
  • Governor: Kalraj Mishra
  • State flower: Rohira (Tecomella undulata)
  • State Animal: Chinkara
  • National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: Ranthambore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve (Native wildlife & tiger sanctuary), Desert National Park, Mount Abu WS.
  • Highest Peak: Guru Sikhar (1732 mt)
  • Important river: Chambal and Luni (Inland river)
  • UNESCO site: Chittorgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore Fort, Amber Fort.

CONCEPT:

Rutherford’s Model of the Atom:

• He bombarded the beam of alpha particles on a very thin gold foil.
• While bombarding he observes the number of scattering of particles –
  • Most of the particles passed either un-deviated or with a very small deviation.
  • Some deviated by large angles
  • 1 out of 8000 was deflected by more than 90°
• The conclusion to this deflection:
  • Most of the space of an atom is empty.
  • At the centre of an atom having a tiny positively charged particle called a nucleus.
  • The centre nucleus has all the mass of an atom.
  • The amount of positive charge at the nucleus is equal to the total amount of negative charges on all the electrons of the atom.
  • All the electrons revolve around the nucleus and coulomb force provide the centripetal force

​

EXPLANATION:

• After the α -particles scattering experiment, the following conclusions were made by Rutherford as regard as atomic structure:

• Most of the mass (at least 99.95%) and all of the charge of an atom concentrated in a very small region is called the atomic nucleus. Therefore option 4 is correct.
• The nucleus consists of proton and neutron, in which proton was first discovered by Rutherford but neutrons were later discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
• In an atom, there is maximum empty space and the electrons revolve around the nucleus in the same way as the planets revolve around the sun and the nnumber of protons and electrons inside an atom are equal under normal conditions (non-ionized).