Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is In 1240.

• Razia Sultan was removed from the throne in1240.

Key Points

• Razia Sultan (1236 AD-1240 AD):
  • She belonged to the Slave Dynasty.
  • She was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.
  • She appointed Jamaluddin Yakoot as the highest officer of cavalry.
  • She abandoned Pardah and appeared before the public in male dress.
  • She saved the empire from Mongol invasion.
  • She died in the year 1240 AD.

The correct answer is Brahmi.​

• The Edicts of Ashoka are in total 33 inscriptions written on the Pillars, boulders, and cave walls of the Mauryan Period, during the reign of the Emperor Ashok that are dispersed throughout the Indian Sub-continent covering India, Pakistan, and Nepal.
  • Inscriptions found in the eastern parts of the Mauryan empire are written using the Brahmi script in Magadhi language.
  • While in the western parts of the empire, the script used is Kharoshti, written in Prakrit. To add to the variety, one extract in the Edict 13 is written in Greek and Aramaic.
• A notable thing in these inscriptions is, that Ashoka refers to himself in many of these inscriptions as “Devampiyaa” which means “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Piyadassi.”
• The world came to know of these details of the Mauryan empire and Ashoka when the edicts and inscriptions were decoded by British Archaeologist James Princep. 

Key Points

• These edicts have mentioned that Buddhism as a religion had reached as far as the Mediterranean under the Ashokan reign.
• Many Buddhist monuments had been created in the wide-spread area.
• In these edicts, Buddhism and the Buddha are also mentioned.
• But primarily these edicts focus more on social and moral precepts rather than the religious practices (or the philosophical dimension) of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign.

The correct answer is Rana Kumbha.

• Rana Kumbha is related to the Kumbhalgarh festival of Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Kumbhalgarh festival:
  • The Kumbhalgarh Festival is named after Rana Kumbha who was a patron of fine arts, architecture, and learning. 
  • It is organized at the Kumbhalgarh Fort, Chittorgarh.
  • The festival is organized by the Department of Tourism of the state to promote the culture and heritage of Rajasthan. 
• Rana Kumbha (1433 AD-1468 AD):
  • He was the greatest ruler of Mewar.
  • He built the famous Vijay Stambh at Chittorgarh to commemorate his victory over Mahmud Khilji of Malwa.

Additional Information

Explanation:

• Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin as the two main constituent elements.
• Bronze is a copper-based alloy that typically consists of approximately 88% copper and 12% tin.
• Some other elements added in minute quantities can be aluminium, nickel or zinc.
• It is one of the first alloys used by mankind and an entire era known as the 'Bronze Age' is known because of the extensive use of the alloy in many human artefacts.

Additional Information

Steel: 

• Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium.
• Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
• Stainless steels are steels containing at least 10.5% chromium, less than 1.2% carbon, and other alloying elements.

Solder:

• Soldering is a joining process used to join different types of metals together having different properties. 
• Solder is a metal alloy, usually made up of tin and lead which is melted using a hot iron (soldering iron).
• The iron is heated to temperatures above 600˚F which then cools to create a strong bond.
• Flux material used in soldering is ZnCl2 (Zinc Chloride) and NH4Cl (Ammonium Chloride).

Brass:

• Brass is a metal alloy that is made up of copper and zinc.
• The proportions of zinc and copper can vary to create different types of brasses with different properties.
• It has higher malleability than bronze or zinc and has a relatively low melting point (900 to 940 °C).

Mistake Points

• Copper was the first metal used by men.
• Copper was first used by man over 10,000 years ago.  
• Probably copper can be found as a naturally occurring native metal that is sometimes found in large lumps on the ground.
• People learned to make this into copper tools and other things, although, for a metal, it is quite soft.
• When it was melted over the fire, people learned how to make an alloy called bronze, which is much harder and stronger than copper.

The correct answer is Fructose.

Key Points

•  Fructose
  • It is naturally occurring sugar.
  • It is the sweetest sugar.
  • It is a 'monosaccharide', meaning the simplest form of sugar, which means it cannot be broken down into more basic sugar units.
  • Other common examples of monosaccharides are glucose and galactose.
  • The chemical formula of fructose is C₆H₁₂O₆.

Additional Information

• Maltose
  • It is also a sweet sugar which is also known as maltitol sugar.
  • It is mostly found in honey.
  • Its molecular formula is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
• Glucose
  • It is the most abundant monosaccharide, a carbohydrate sub-category.
  • During photosynthesis, glucose is primarily produced by plants and most algae from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to create the most abundant carbohydrate cellulose in cell walls.
  • The chemical formula of glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆.
• Sucrose
  • It is crystallized white sugar produced by the sugar cane plant and can be found in households and foods worldwide.
  • The formulae for sucrose is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
  • It is a disaccharide so when we hydrolyse it we will get one molecule of glucose and another molecule of fructose.
  • It is also known as table sugar.
  • The formulae for sucrose is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.