Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is When the pregnant woman has undergone two or more spontaneous abortions or foetal losses.

• The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act 1994 allows pre-natal (pre-natal means before birth) diagnostic for certain medical purposes and diagnostic of pre-birth diseases, which includes chromosomal abnormalities; genetic metabolic diseases; hemoglobinopathies; sex-linked genetic diseases; congenital anomalies.

Key Points

• In such situations the doctor/technicians conducting such diagnostic shall check the following things and ensure that at least any one of these are fulfilled: 
  • that the age of the pregnant woman is above 35 years; or
  • the pregnant woman has undergone two or more spontaneous abortions or foetal losses; or
  • he pregnant woman had been exposed to potentially teratogenic agents such as drugs, radiation, infection or chemicals; or
  • the pregnant woman or her spouse has a family history of mental retardation or physical deformities such as spasticity or any other genetic disease. 
• In those circumstances when the pre-natal diagnostic is done, neither the woman nor her relatives should ask for the sex of the baby nor the person conducting the test shall say it either by words or signs.
• Also, it is mandatory for the person conducting the test to explain all the side effects, risks involved and then to take the written consent of the pregnant woman before conducting such a test.

The correct answer is a Punishment of ten years and a fine.

Important Points

• Section 367 of IPC:
  • ​Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be subjected, or be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being subjected to grievous hurt, or slavery, or to unnatural lust of any person, or knowing it to be likely that such person will be so subjected or disposed of, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
  • It is a cognizable offence, Non-bailable which is triable by the court of session.

The correct answer is Cognizable and Non-Bailable.

• Section 15 of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 declares that every punishable offence under this act shall be cognizable and non-bailable.

Additional Information

• Cognizable offence means where police can arrest the accused without a warrant of arrest.
• Non- bailable offence means where accused cannot claim bail as a matter of right rather he has to prove additional grounds in front of the court that he shall not be interfering in the investigation process, or there shall be no harm to the victim from his side while he is out on bail or he shall be available for questioning as and when required.

The correct answer is Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.

• The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 consolidated the anti-dowry laws which had been passed on certain states.
• This Act may be called the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
• It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint.

Key Points

• This legislation provides for a penalty in section 3 if any person gives, takes or abets giving or receiving of dowry.
• The punishment could be imprisonment for minimum 5 years and a fine more than ₹15,000 or the value of the dowry received, whichever is higher.

• The term Domestic Violence was clearly defined for the first time in India in 2005 with the enactment of Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
• Until then domestic violence was seen only in terms of physical between spouses.
• But, this act has given a much wider explanation of this term.
•  As per section 3, domestic violence includes: 
  • Physical abuse/torture.
  • Mental abuses.
  • Verbal abuses.
  • Sexual abuses.
  • Economical abuses.