Question Discussion & Solution

Energy is a phenomenon which is transferred from one object to another in the form of heat, as a result, it performs work. When the energy is transferred from one object to another, it changes its form and this phenomenon is called conservation of energy. The following types of energy are discussed below:

• Solar Energy: It is the energy that is derived from the sun. When solar cells are exposed to the sun, it converts solar energy in electrical energy. Important facts related to the solar energy:
  • India ranks 5^th globally in the installed Solar Energy.
  • India has about 34.5 GW installed solar capacity at present.
  • Ndia targes 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022.
• Chemical Energy: It is the energy that is released when a chemical reaction takes place. Its applications are in the creation of energy in our body, photosynthesis, electric cells.
• Nuclear Energy: This energy is either produced by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion is a process when two nuclei are combined to release energy while nuclear fission is a process in which a single nucleus breaks into two parts to release energy.
• Magnetic Energy: Energy caused by the production of the magnetic field is called magnetic energy. This energy is used in making electrical bells, electric motors and generators.

Hence, we conclude that solar energy causes solar energy to transform electrical energy.

Given : Cobbler : Shoes – Cobbler mends our shoes.

Electrician : Screw – Screw is a tool used by electricians.

Carpenter : Jig – Jig is a tool used by carpenters.

Mechanic : Car – Mechanic mends our cars.

Manager : Office – Manager is a superior person who handles the administrative work of an office.

The Supreme Court of India was established on 26 January 1950.

• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• It came into existence on 26th January 1950 and is located in Tilak Marg, New Delhi.

Additional Information

• The Supreme Court (SC) comprises the Chief Justice and 33 other Judges appointed by the President of India.
• The first Chief Justice of India was Sir Harilal Jekisundas Kania.
• The current Chief Justice of India is N. V. Ramana.

The correct answer is Hygrometer.

Key Points

• Hygrometer
  • A hygrometer is an instrument for measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere.
  • The hygrometer was invented by Leonardo da Vinci.

Additional Information

• ​Barometer
  • A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
  • The barometer was invented by Torricelli.
• Hydrometer
  • A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids.
  • The hydrometer was invented by Nicholson.
• ​Anemometer
  • An anemometer is an instrument used to measure the velocity of wind and directions.
  • The anemometer was invented by Leon Alberti.

Concept-

• DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid.
• DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Meischer in 1869.
• He named it ‘Nuclein’.
• DNA acts as the genetic material in most organisms.
• A DNA molecule consisting of all the genetic material of an organism is known as a chromosome.
• These are thread-like (helical) structures of protein and nucleic acids which​ carry all the genetic information in the form of genes.

Explanation-

• ​Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid and is therefore made up of nucleotide.
• Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C), and ribose sugar (deoxyribose in case of DNA).
• A nucleoside contains only pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the two types of nucleic acids found in living systems.
• DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
• The length of DNA is usually defined as the number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotides referred to as base pairs) present in it.

Thereby DNA is composed only of nucleic acid.

Additional Information

Lipids: 

• ​These organic compounds are nonpolar molecules, which are soluble only in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule.
• In the human body, these molecules can be synthesized in the liver and are found in oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, fried foods, and also in some red meats.

Proteins:

• Proteins are composed of amino acids, arranged into different groups.
• These fundamental amino acid sequences are specific and their arrangements are controlled by the DNA. 
• These are the fundamental building blocks of our bodies.
• They are large and complex macromolecules or bio-molecules which perform a major role in the functioning and regulating of our body cells, tissues, and other organs in the human body.​