Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Part IVA.

Key Points

• Part IVA
  • Part IVA of the Indian Constitution relates to Fundamental Duties and is given in article-51 (a).
  • Fundamental Duties are taken from the Constitution of Russia.
  • The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on behalf of the Swaran Singh Committee recommendations.
  • These duties tell us of the national aims & the basic models of political order and they also motivate us to learn a sense of social responsibility.
  • Originally, the Constitution of India did not contain fundamental duties but today we have 11 fundamental duties.
  • Fundamental duties are applicable only to citizens and not to the aliens.
  • India borrowed the concept of Fundamental Duties from the USSR.

Option 4 is incorrect.

Key Points

• The tenth Schedule contains provisions as to disqualification on the ground of defection.
• It was added by the Constitution (52^nd Amendment) Act, 1985. Hence Option 4 is an incorrect statement.

 Important Points

• India has the world’s lengthiest constitution with 448 articles, 25 parts, and 12 schedules. Hence Option 1 is correct.
• The eleventh Schedule contains the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats.
• The twelfth Schedule contains the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities.
• These two were added in 1992 by the 73rd  and 74th Constitution Amendment Act. Hence Option 2 is correct.
• The Ninth Schedule was incorporated in 1951 by the First Amendment to the Constitution to protect land reform laws. Hence Option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is Jaipur.

• The first Gram Nyayalaya of Rajasthan was established on 27 November 2010 at Bassi, Jaipur.

Key Points   

• Gram Nyaylaya-
  • Establishment- Under Gram Nyayalaya Act 2008.
  • Objective- Quick and easy access to the justice system in rural areas of India.
  • This Court is presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who shall have equal powers, equal pay, and enjoy the benefits of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
  • Such officers are appointed by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • Jurisdiction- Notified by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over crimes.
  • The economic jurisdiction of the court is determined by the concerned High Court.
• Appeal-  
  • In session court (when the matter is related to criminal offenses).
  • In district court (when the matter is related to civil offenses).

The correct answer is Article 32.

• Article 32 is described as the heart and soul of the constitution by B.R.Ambedkar.
• Article 32 deals with the right to constitutional remedies.

Key Points

• The right to move to the Supreme court is affirmed by this article.
• The appropriate proceedings are required for the realization of this article.
• The rights are mentioned in part 3 of the constitution.
• To issue a direction, orders or writs are the power of the Supreme court.
• The habeas corpus, quo warranto, prohibition, and certiorari are the types of writs that can be issued by the Supreme court of India.
• Suspension of the rights provided by this article could not happen unless the suspension is provided by the constitution itself.
• In violation of fundamental rights, any person can move to court by using this article.

The correct answer is 65th Constitutional Amendment, 1992.

Key Points

• The constitutional recognition to National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was given by the 65th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990, and the commission was formed on 12th March 1992. 
• By the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003, the erstwhile National Commission for SC and ST has been replaced by 

1. National Commission for Scheduled Caste.
2. National Commission for Scheduled Tribe. 

• Both the chairman and members of the commission are appointed by the President.
• The term of office of Chairman and members is decided by the President (generally, it is for 3 years) from the date on which he or she assumes office.
• All the members of the commission shall not be eligible for an appointment of more than 2 terms. 
• The composition of the commission includes Chairman, Deputy-Chairman, and 3 other members. 
• At least one member should be a woman.
• The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Commission have the status of Union Minister and Union Minister of State.
• While investigating any matter or inquiring about any complaint, the Commission shall have all the powers which the Civil Court has while pursuing the suit.
• The commission will submit its annual report to the President in case of Centre and Governor in case of State.

Additional Information

• 102nd Constitutional Amendment, 2018 provides Constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes.
• 104th  Constitutional Amendment, 2020 extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from 70 years to 80 years.
  • It also removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.