Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Jaipur.

• The first Gram Nyayalaya of Rajasthan was established on 27 November 2010 at Bassi, Jaipur.

Key Points   

• Gram Nyaylaya-
  • Establishment- Under Gram Nyayalaya Act 2008.
  • Objective- Quick and easy access to the justice system in rural areas of India.
  • This Court is presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who shall have equal powers, equal pay, and enjoy the benefits of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
  • Such officers are appointed by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • Jurisdiction- Notified by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over crimes.
  • The economic jurisdiction of the court is determined by the concerned High Court.
• Appeal-  
  • In session court (when the matter is related to criminal offenses).
  • In district court (when the matter is related to civil offenses).

The correct answer is Vincent de Gournay.

 Key Points

• The term bureaucracy, coined (as bureaucratie) in the mid-18th century by the French philosopher Vincent de Gournay.
• It is derived from the French bureau, meaning “writing desk,” and -cratie, meaning “government.”

  Important Points

• Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant ethic,” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy.
• Alexander Pope is seen as one of the greatest English poets and the foremost poet of the early 18th century.
• He is best known for satirical and discursive poetry, including The Rape of the Lock, The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, and for his translation of Homer.
• Michel Crozier was a French sociologist and member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques from 1999 until his death.
• He also was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as a laureate of the Prix Alexis de Tocqueville.

The correct answer is ​Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Key Points

• ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
  • Some provisions of the Constitution pertaining to citizenship, elections, provisional parliament, temporary and transitional provisions, and short title
  • contained in Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392 and 393 came into force on November 26, 1949 itself.
  • The remaining provisions (the major part) of the Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
  • This day is referred to in the Constitution as the ‘date of its commencement and celebrated as Republic Day.
  • January 26 was specifically chosen as the ‘date of commencement of the Constitution because of its historical importance. Hence Assertion is correct 
  • It was on this day in 1930 that Purna Swaraj day was celebrated, following the resolution of the Lahore Session (December 1929) of the INC. Hence R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Constitution Day or Samvidhan Diwas (26th November) is also known as National Law Day. The day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution in India. On this day in 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India formally adopted the Constitution of India.

The correct answer is Part IVA.

Key Points

• Part IVA
  • Part IVA of the Indian Constitution relates to Fundamental Duties and is given in article-51 (a).
  • Fundamental Duties are taken from the Constitution of Russia.
  • The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on behalf of the Swaran Singh Committee recommendations.
  • These duties tell us of the national aims & the basic models of political order and they also motivate us to learn a sense of social responsibility.
  • Originally, the Constitution of India did not contain fundamental duties but today we have 11 fundamental duties.
  • Fundamental duties are applicable only to citizens and not to the aliens.
  • India borrowed the concept of Fundamental Duties from the USSR.

Right to Education Act (RTE) provided free and compulsory education to children in 2009 and enforced it as a fundamental right under Article 21-A.

Important Points The right to freedom guarantees freedom for citizens to live a life of dignity among other things. These are given in Articles 19, 20, 21A, and 22 of the Indian Constitution. 

Below are the associated articles of the Constitution under the right to freedom:

Thus, we can say that the ‘Right to Education’ was made part of the right to freedom by the 86th Constitution Amendment Act.