Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is One-tenth of the total members of the House.

Key Points

• The quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-tenth of the total number of Members of the House.

Additional Information

• Article 100 of the Constitution of India stipulates that at least 10% of a total number of members of the House must be present to constitute the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament.
• The quorum of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha is one-tenth of the total membership of each house.
• The definition of a quorum is the minimum number of voting members who must be present at a properly called meeting in order to conduct business in the name of the group without a quorum, a group cannot take any substantive action or give notice.

The correct answer is The British North-American Act.

Key Points

• The concept of "A Union of States in the Indian Constitution" has been derived from The British North-American Act.
• Federation with a strong Centre is what we call A Union of States in the Indian Constitution hence it is taken from the Canadian constitution i.e  The British North-American Act.

Additional Information

• Concept of Concurrent list, Article 108, Joint sitting of the two houses and Freedom of trade and commerce is taken from Australian Constitution.
• Impeachment of the president, Functions of president and vice-president, Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges, Fundamental Rights, Judicial review, Independence of the judiciary, and the Preamble of the constitution of the Indian constitution is taken from the constitution of the USA.
• Centrifugal form of federalism where the center is stronger than the states, Residuary powers vest with the center, Centre appoints the Governors at the states, Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court of the constitution of the Indian constitution is taken from the constitution of Canada.
• Fundamental duties and ideals of justice (social, economic, and political),  expressed in the Preamble are taken from the constitution of Russia.
• Concepts of Republic and Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity (contained in the Preamble) are taken from the constitution of France.
• Fundamental Rights are suspended during Emergencies are taken from the constitution of Germany.
• The election of members of the Rajya Sabha and the Amendment of the Constitution is taken from the constitution of South Africa.
• The concept of procedure established by Law is taken from the constitution of Japan.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

•  Fundamental Duties:
  • ​They were added to the constitution on the recommendation of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee.
  • They were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.
  • This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A which for the first time specified a code of ten fundamental duties of the citizens. Some of them are:
    • to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures; Hence 1 is correct.
    • to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;  Hence 2 is correct.
    • to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture;  Hence 3 is correct.
• To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance; This is a directive principle of State Policy under Article 49. Hence 4 is not correct. 

The correct answer is Article 14.

Key Points

• Important articles of the Indian Constitution are following:-
  • Article 14 - Equality before the Law and Equality before law. Hence, option 1 is correct.
  • Article 15 - Prohibition of Discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
  • Article 16 - Equality of Opportunity in matters of public employment.
  • Article 17 - Abolition of the Untouchability.
  • Article 18 - Abolition of Titles.

Important Points

• Other important articles are following:-
  • Article 20- Protection in respect of Conviction for offences.
  • Article 21 - Protection of Life and personal liberty.
  • Article 22 - Protection against Arrest and detention in certain cases.
  • Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and Forced labour.
  • Article 24 - Prohibition of employment of Children (Under the age of 14) in factories and mines.
  • Article 25 - Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practise, and propagation of religion.

The correct answer is 24.

• Union Health Ministry informed that in the last 24 days, India has become the fastest country to reach six million vaccinations in the world.
• USA took 26 days to reach the mark while UK took 46 days to reach six million vaccinations.
• So far 60 lakh 35 thousand and 660 beneficiaries have been vaccinated for COVID-19 since the launch of the vaccination drive on 16th of January 2021.