Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Sabarmati Ashram.

Key Points

• On 12 March 1930, Dandi March was undertaken from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi by Gandhiji.
• To achieve the goal of Complete independence, Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was started by Gandhiji with the Dandi March.
• He started his march along with 78 followers from Sabarmati Ashram to the small village Dandi to break the Salt Law.
• The march lasted from 12th March 1930 to 6th April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.

Additional Information

• Gandhian Era:
  • Mahatma Gandhi was in South Africa when he was summoned by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, after which he returned to India in 1915.
  • The period from 1915-1948 can be construed as the ‘Gandhian era’ in Indian National Movement.
  • The period between 1919 to independence is marked by three important struggles –
    • Non-cooperation movement of 1919
    • Civil Disobedience movement of 1930, with its call for complete independence
    • The famous Quit Indian Movement of 1942. 

The correct answer is Karam Shah.

Key Points

• The Pagal Panth was a religious order founded by Karim Shah in the Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bengal.
• The philosophy of this Panth was to follow religious harmony and non-violence incorporating tenets of Sufism, Hinduism, and animism.
• Under Karim Shah’s son Tipu Shah, the order revolted against the British government by organizing peasant rebellions. They were against the oppressive tax regime of the British.
• Tipu Shah captured Sherpur in 1825 and ruled over the Sherpur and Mymensingh areas till the 1850s.

Additional Information

• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a brilliant intellectual and a striking master of debate. He was a versatile genius performing several roles during his entire working career, such as linguist, polymath, sociologist, historian, philosopher, writer, grammarian, ascetic, revolutionary, Marxist, and politician.
  • Swami Sahajanand formed a smaller Kisan Sabha in the Patna district in association with a formal organizational structure.
  • Later in 1929, he established the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS).
• Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet, a humanist, and philosopher.
  • His real name was Abdullah Shah.
  • His poetry highlights his mystical spiritual voyage through the four stages of Sufism: Shariat (Path), Tariqat (Observance), Haqiqat (Truth), and Marfat (Union).

The correct answer is Kushinagar.

Key Points

• Buddha died in 483 BC at Kushinagar, a village in Uttar Pradesh. 
• He attained Mahaparinirvana, or the final blowing out at the age of 80 in Kushinagar.
• Ashoka, the greatest patron of Buddhism, built a stupa to mark Mahaparinirvana (Buddha's death).
• It is an important pilgrimage centre for Buddhists.

Important Points

• Gautama Buddha
  • Gautama Buddha was born at Lumbini in the Sakya Kshatriya clan.
  • He was the founder of Buddhism.
  • His father was Suddhodhana, King of Kapilavastu, and his mother was Mahamaya, Princess of Kollia republic.
  • He was married to Yasodhara at an early age and had a son Rahul.
  • At the age of 35, he got enlightened under a pipal tree in Bodh Gaya.

Additional Information

• Patna, historically known as Pataliputra, is the capital city of Bihar in India.
  • Pataliputra was the ancient capital of the Magadh empire.
• Varanasi, also known as Benaras, is one of the oldest cities in the world.
• Sarnath Buddha delivered his first sermon to his five disciples at Sarnath.
  • Dhamek stupa is located in Sarnath, 13 km from Varanasi.

The correct answer is The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.

Key Points

• The immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi Movement was the partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
• Swadeshi Movement
  • This was a comprehensive movement that lasted 6 years.
  • Although this was regarded as a cultural movement celebrating the rich harvest of history, the rich traditions like folk music, paintings, the culture of Bengal were highlighted.
  • But very soon, it got integrated with the political upheavals that followed after the partition of Bengal. Krishna Kumar Mitra, in his newspaper, ‘Sanjivani’ highlighted the prospects of national education and ‘Economic Swadeshi’.
  • Very soon, this movement started gaining momentum with the help of the entire Bengali middle-class intelligentsia.
  • After the partition of Bengal, the Swadeshi movement got a big boost, because of the integration of the boycott movement with the Swadeshi movement.
  • Tilak called this movement “Bahishkar Yoga“ and most of the Bengali intelligentsia that was initially not in favor of the boycott movement got integrated with the Swadeshi movement.
  • This was primary learning for the national movement.
  • According to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai, it was training in ‘self-determination’, ‘self-help’, and ‘self-reliance’.

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon
  • Curzon came up with the idea to suppress the rising tide of nationalism.
  • With the publication of the book, ‘Indian Musalman’, by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and with his active alliance, the attitude of the British towards Muslims changed significantly.
  • Thus Curzon wanted to ensure that the minority consciousness should be used against the majority and that this would then break the solidarity of Indian society, and in turn, break the solidarity of the Indian National Movement as well.
  • Thus, his active agenda was to create a feeling of minority consciousness.
  • The ‘Partition of Bengal’ was at the core of his policies.
  • The population of Bengal was balanced - where Hindus and Muslims were numerically almost equal.
  • Their consciousness was that of a Bengali consciousness and not at all a religious contradiction between Hindus and Muslims, and the Bengali intelligentsia was primarily responsible for the spread of nationalism in different parts of India.

• Couple burial was found from Lothal at the Harappan sites.
• Lothal was one of the southernmost city of the ancient Indus valley civilisation located in the Bhal region of Gujarat.
• Burial or interment is the ritual act of placing a dead person or animals, sometimes with objects, into the ground.