Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Esterification.

Key Points

• Esterification -
  • Acid + Alcohol = Ester
  • It is a chemical reaction that forms at least one ester.
  • Esters are produced when acids are heated with alcohol.

Additional Information

• Crystallization -
  • The process of obtaining a pure solid in the form of crystals from a saturated solution is called crystallization.
  • In crystallization, the solution is first evaporated to separate a solid from the solution.
  • When the solution becomes very concentrated, the solution is cooled slowly by stopping evaporation, causing crystals to form.
• Saponification -
  • The saponification of a fat or oil is done by using NaOH solution for the hot process.
  • Saponification to the sodium salt of myristic acid takes place with NaOH in water.
  • Soap is formed by a chemical reaction by heating an aqueous solution of vegetable oil or fat and caustic soda or caustic potash, and glycerol is liberated.

+ = → is an assignment operator

y+ = y+3

y = y + (y + 3)

y = 9 + (9 + 3)

y = 21

Note:

Concept:

• Food comprises constituents like proteins, carbohydrates, fats and supplementary substances such as minerals, vitamins and water that are vital for life.
• These constituents are known as nutrients. For proper functioning of our body, we need to consume bodybuilding foods (e.g. milk, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, pulses, groundnuts); energy-giving foods (e.g. cereals, sugar, roots, fats and oils); and protective foods (e.g. vegetables, fruits).

Explanation:

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body.
• Carbohydrates are of two types – simple and complex.
• Simple carbohydrates - These are quick-energy foods, e.g. sugar. Sources of simple carbohydrates are natural fruits, milk and milk products, and vegetables including potatoes and carrots.
• Complex carbohydrates - These are better sources of energy than sugar since they are released slowly. Sources of complex carbohydrates are bread, cereals (rice, wheat, bajra, corn, barley, ragi, sorghum, millets etc.),

Gram is not a source of carbohydrate, it is a source of protein.

Additional Information

Proteins:

• proteins are obtained from the animal as well as vegetable sources. Proteins of animal origin are found in milk, eggs, cheese, fish and meat.
• Proteins from these sources contain all the essential amino acids (EAA) in adequate amounts.
• Vegetable proteins are found in pulses (legumes), cereals, beans, nuts, oilseeds, etc

Energy is a phenomenon which is transferred from one object to another in the form of heat, as a result, it performs work. When the energy is transferred from one object to another, it changes its form and this phenomenon is called conservation of energy. The following types of energy are discussed below:

• Solar Energy: It is the energy that is derived from the sun. When solar cells are exposed to the sun, it converts solar energy in electrical energy. Important facts related to the solar energy:
  • India ranks 5^th globally in the installed Solar Energy.
  • India has about 34.5 GW installed solar capacity at present.
  • Ndia targes 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022.
• Chemical Energy: It is the energy that is released when a chemical reaction takes place. Its applications are in the creation of energy in our body, photosynthesis, electric cells.
• Nuclear Energy: This energy is either produced by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion is a process when two nuclei are combined to release energy while nuclear fission is a process in which a single nucleus breaks into two parts to release energy.
• Magnetic Energy: Energy caused by the production of the magnetic field is called magnetic energy. This energy is used in making electrical bells, electric motors and generators.

Hence, we conclude that solar energy causes solar energy to transform electrical energy.

A constructor is a member function of a class that initializes objects of a class. In C++, Constructor is automatically called when an object (instance of a class) creates. It is a special member function of the class.

Syntax

class_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...)

{

    // constructor Definition

}

Default Constructor

It is the constructor that doesn’t take any argument. It has no parameters.

Parameterized Constructors

It is possible to pass arguments to constructors. Typically, these arguments help initialize an object when it is created. 

Copy Constructor

A copy constructor is a member function that initializes an object using another object of the same class.