Question Discussion & Solution

Malware Protection is not the main function of the operating system.

Important Points

• Malware Protection
  • Malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
  • A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to protect against the introduction of malware.

Key Points

• Operating system
  • An operating system is a large and complex system.
  • OS system components include:
    • File,
    • Process,
    • Memory,
    • I/O device management.

 Additional Information

• The process management component
  • The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes that are running simultaneously on the operating system.
  • Every software application program has one or more processes when they are running.
  • For example, when we use a browser like Google Chrome, there is a process running for that browser program.
  • All these processes managed by process management. 
  • The process management uses memory allocated to them and shutting them down when needed.
• File management
  • File management in an operating system includes file creation and deletion.
  • Manipulating files and directories.
• Memory management
  • ​An Operating System performs the functions for Memory Management such as:
    • It helps to keep track of primary memory.
    • Determine what parts of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
• I/O device management
  • ​An Operating System performs the functions for I/O device management such as:
    • It offers buffer caching system
    • It provides general device driver code
    • It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.

Logic:

Wall, Roof, and Beam are parts of a Room.

But, 

House is a collection of Rooms.

Important PointsBeam means a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal used to support the roof or floor of a building.

Hence, house is the odd one out.

The correct answer is Angiosperm.

Key Points

• Angiosperms are also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta.
  • They are flowering and seed-producing plants.
  • It consists of 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera, and 3,00,000 known species.
  • Their seeds develop in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a protective fruit.
  • Examples of angiosperms are fruits, vegetables, grains, and flowers.
  • Angiosperms are classified as Monocotyledons (monocots) and Dicotyledons (dicots) where monocots are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf or cotyledon and dicots are flowering plants whose seeds contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

Additional Information

• Thallophyta
  • The plant body is not differentiated from roots, stems, and leaves.
  • They are commonly called algae.
• Bryophyta
  • These are small terrestrial plants.
  • They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.

CONCEPT:

Electric Charge: It is a physical property of a matter that experiences a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

• Electric charges create electric fields.

• Two types of charges are found – 1.) Positive charge. 2.) Negative charge
• Force experienced when charge placed in the electromagnetic field is \({{F}^{\to }}=q\times {{E}^{\to }}\) where q = charge of the body (in coulomb). \({{E}^{\to }}\) = intensity of the electric field.
• SI unit of charge is Coulomb and the symbol is C. One coulomb is equal to the charge on 6.241 x 10¹⁸ protons.

Inductor: It is a passive electric component that stores energy in the form of magnetic field lines. It is a simple loop of wire.

• The inductance of the inductor could be measured by equation L = Φ / I where ϕ is magnetic flux and I is a current flowing through it.
• SI unit of inductance is Henry.
• Energy stored in Inductor U = ½ (LI²).

Capacitor: It is a device consisting of two conducting "plates" separated by an insulating material (dielectric). It stores energy in the form of an electric field with the help of an electric charge.

• The capacitance of a capacitor is measured by equation C = q /Δ v where q is charge and ∆ V is a potential difference.
• SI Unit of capacitance is Farad.
• Energy stored in Capacitor U = ½ (CV²)

Resistance: It is a measure of how the device reduces the flow of electric current, basically it opposes the flow of charges.

• Further, it states the ratio of the applied voltage to electric current flows through it.
• R = V/I [R is resistance, V is the potential difference and I is electric current].
• Also, R = ρ × (L/A) [where ρ is specific resistance of the material, l is the length of conductor and A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor].
• The unit of resistance is volt/ampere or ohm (Ω).
• It does not store energy.

Transformer: It is an electrical device that converts A/C current from one voltage to another.

EXPLANATION:

• A capacitor stores energy in the form of electrical charges and fields.
• Here, C_o = Capacitance, V = voltage, A = area of the plates, d = distance between them.

\(\Rightarrow {{C}_{o}}=\frac{{{Q}_{o}}}{V}=\frac{{{\epsilon }_{o}}A}{d}\)

Important Points

• Remember Electric field lines are stored in capacitor & magnetic field lines are stored in Inductor.

Hence, there is one such digit.