Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is (A) - (3), (B) - (4), (C) - (1), (D) - (2)

Key Points

• The Constitution (61st Amendment Act), 1989, reduced the voting age for Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly elections from 21 years to 18 years under Article 326.  
• Article 354 concerns the elections to the Lok Sabha and the Assemblies.
• The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 was enacted from 25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977.
• 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act made two changes in the Preamble that is changed the characterization of India to "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic" from "sovereign democratic republic.  
• It also changes the words ‘unity of the nation'  to ‘unity and integrity of the nation'.
• 38th Amendment Constitutional Amendment Act, officially known as The Constitution Act, 1975, made the declaration of The Emergency final and conclusive.
• The Constitution (44th Amendment Act), 1978 replaced the term ‘internal disturbance’ with the term ‘armed rebellion’ concerning the national emergency.
• 44th Amendment Act has made the President declare a national emergency only on the cabinet‘s written recommendation.
• 44th Amendment Act also guaranteed the fundamental rights during a national emergency by Articles 20 and 21 can not be suspended. 

Additional Information

• Under The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the India Union.
• It also includes the omission of the 10th schedule.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
  • Articles 36-51 of Part-IV of the Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
  • They are borrowed from the constitution of Ireland. 
  • DPSP's are non-justiciable and are enforceable in the court of law.
  • They act as directives to the government to create any law.
  • They act as the ‘instrument of instructions’.
  • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar described Directive Principles as a “Novel Feature” of the Constitution. 
• The Directive Principles are classified on the basis of their ideological source and objectives.
• For the sake of making their study convenient, we can broadly place them in four categories, These are;
  • Economic and Socialist Principles;
  • Directives Based on Gandhian Principles;
  • Directive Principles relating to International Peace; and
  • Liberal-Intellectual Principles.

The correct answer is Speaker.

Key Points

• Before sending it to the upper house, The Speaker of the Lok Sabha certifies the bill as a money bill. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The Speaker's decision is binding on both the Houses.
• The Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
• When a Money Bill is returned to the lower house with the recommended amendments of the Rajya Sabha, the bill is open to the Lok Sabha to accept or reject any or all of the recommendations.

Important Points

• Money bills passed by the lower house are sent to the Rajya Sabha.
• The Rajya Sabha can recommend amendments.
• The Rajya Sabha can not amend money bills.

The correct answer is  Suryakant.

Key Points

• Suryakant is the Chief Justice of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh from 5 October 2018 to 24 May 2019.
• Suryakant is also a former Judge of Punjab and Haryana High Court.
• He is also a judge of the Supreme court.
• Justice Surya Kant took oath as a judge of the Supreme Court of India on 24 May 2019.

Important Points

• Justice V. Ramasubramanian was the Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh from 22 June 2019 to 22 September 2019.
• From 6 October 2019, Lingappa Narayana Swamy is the chief justice of Himachal Pradesh.
• Himachal Pradesh high court was established in 1971.

The correct answer is Jaipur.

• The first Gram Nyayalaya of Rajasthan was established on 27 November 2010 at Bassi, Jaipur.

Key Points   

• Gram Nyaylaya-
  • Establishment- Under Gram Nyayalaya Act 2008.
  • Objective- Quick and easy access to the justice system in rural areas of India.
  • This Court is presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who shall have equal powers, equal pay, and enjoy the benefits of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
  • Such officers are appointed by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • Jurisdiction- Notified by the State Government in consultation with the concerned High Court.
  • They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over crimes.
  • The economic jurisdiction of the court is determined by the concerned High Court.
• Appeal-  
  • In session court (when the matter is related to criminal offenses).
  • In district court (when the matter is related to civil offenses).